具有有序纳米结构的自组装肽基材料具有良好的生物相容性和生物降解性、优异的可控性和易于化学修饰等优点。通过共价结合或非共价封装，光敏剂（PS）可以由自组装的基于肽的纳米材料携带，用于靶向递送至肿瘤组织。这提高了 PS 的稳定性、溶解度和肿瘤积累，并降低了其暗毒性。更重要的是，这些纳米材料可以根据肿瘤微环境的响应进行定制，从而能够智能释放 PS，以实现精确和增强的光动力治疗 (PDT)。在这篇综述中，首先从驱动力的角度描述了肽的自组装，随后重点介绍了近年来用于癌症PDT的各种具有零至3D纳米结构的自组装肽材料。最后，提供了该领域的展望，以促进先进 PDT 纳米材料的制造。© 2024 Wiley‐VCH GmbH。

Self-assembling peptide-based materials with ordered nanostructures possess advantages such as good biocompatibility and biodegradability, superior controllability, and ease of chemical modification. Through covalent conjugation or non-covalent encapsulation, photosensitizers (PSs) can be carried by self-assembling peptide-based nanomaterials for targeted delivery towards tumor tissues. This improves the stability, solubility, and tumor accumulation of PSs, as well as reduces their dark toxicity. More importantly, these nanomaterials can be tailored with responsiveness to tumor microenvironment, which enables smart release of PSs for precise and enhanced photodynamic therapy (PDT). In this review, the self-assembly of peptide from the perspective of driving forces is first described, and various self-assembling peptide materials with zero to 3D nanostructures are subsequently highlighted for PDT of cancers in recent years. Finally, an outlook in this field is provided to motivate fabrication of advanced PDT nanomaterials.© 2024 Wiley‐VCH GmbH.