早期癌症检测的液体活检：技术革命和临床困境
Liquid biopsy for early cancer detection: technological revolutions and clinical dilemma
影响因子:3.60000
分区:医学3区 / 病理学3区
发表日期:2024 Oct
作者:
Sidney W Fu, Cong Tang, Xiaohui Tan, Sudhir Srivastava
摘要
液体活检是肿瘤学方面的创新进步，通过分析循环肿瘤细胞，DNA，RNA和其他生物标志物，提供了一种无创癌症检测和监测的无创方法。该技术有可能通过提供肿瘤动态的实时分析，实现早期检测，监测治疗反应并根据个别患者的分子特征来量身定制个性化疗法，从而彻底改变精度肿瘤学。在此评论中，作者讨论了当前的方法论，技术挑战和液体活检的临床应用。这包括在检测最小残留疾病，跟踪肿瘤进化以及将液体活检与其他诊断方式相结合以进行精确肿瘤学方面的进步。探索的关键领域是多摩斯，AI，ML和LLM Technologies的敏感性，特异性和整合。Liquid活检具有通过早期检测和个性化治疗策略彻底改变癌症护理的巨大潜力。然而，它的成功取决于克服技术和临床障碍，例如确保高灵敏度和特异性，在肿瘤异质性中解释结果，以及使测试易于访问和负担得起。持续的创新和协作对于充分实现液体活检在改善早期癌症检测，治疗和监测方面的潜力至关重要。
Abstract
Liquid biopsy is an innovative advancement in oncology, offering a noninvasive method for early cancer detection and monitoring by analyzing circulating tumor cells, DNA, RNA, and other biomarkers in bodily fluids. This technique has the potential to revolutionize precision oncology by providing real-time analysis of tumor dynamics, enabling early detection, monitoring treatment responses, and tailoring personalized therapies based on the molecular profiles of individual patients.In this review, the authors discuss current methodologies, technological challenges, and clinical applications of liquid biopsy. This includes advancements in detecting minimal residual disease, tracking tumor evolution, and combining liquid biopsy with other diagnostic modalities for precision oncology. Key areas explored are the sensitivity, specificity, and integration of multi-omics, AI, ML, and LLM technologies.Liquid biopsy holds great potential to revolutionize cancer care through early detection and personalized treatment strategies. However, its success depends on overcoming technological and clinical hurdles, such as ensuring high sensitivity and specificity, interpreting results amidst tumor heterogeneity, and making tests accessible and affordable. Continued innovation and collaboration are crucial to fully realize the potential of liquid biopsy in improving early cancer detection, treatment, and monitoring.