液体活检是肿瘤学领域的一项创新进展，通过分析体液中的循环肿瘤细胞、DNA、RNA 和其他生物标志物，为早期癌症检测和监测提供了一种非侵入性方法。这项技术有可能通过提供肿瘤动态的实时分析、实现早期检测、监测治疗反应以及根据个体患者的分子特征定制个性化治疗来彻底改变精准肿瘤学。在这篇综述中，作者讨论了当前的方法，液体活检的技术挑战和临床应用。这包括检测微小残留病、跟踪肿瘤演变以及将液体活检与其他诊断方式相结合以实现精准肿瘤学方面的进步。探索的关键领域是多组学、人工智能、机器学习和法学硕士技术的敏感性、特异性和集成。液体活检具有通过早期检测和个性化治疗策略彻底改变癌症治疗的巨大潜力。然而，其成功取决于克服技术和临床障碍，例如确保高灵敏度和特异性、在肿瘤异质性中解释结果以及使测试变得容易且负担得起。持续创新和合作对于充分发挥液体活检在改善早期癌症检测、治疗和监测方面的潜力至关重要。

Liquid biopsy is an innovative advancement in oncology, offering a noninvasive method for early cancer detection and monitoring by analyzing circulating tumor cells, DNA, RNA, and other biomarkers in bodily fluids. This technique has the potential to revolutionize precision oncology by providing real-time analysis of tumor dynamics, enabling early detection, monitoring treatment responses, and tailoring personalized therapies based on the molecular profiles of individual patients.In this review, the authors discuss current methodologies, technological challenges, and clinical applications of liquid biopsy. This includes advancements in detecting minimal residual disease, tracking tumor evolution, and combining liquid biopsy with other diagnostic modalities for precision oncology. Key areas explored are the sensitivity, specificity, and integration of multi-omics, AI, ML, and LLM technologies.Liquid biopsy holds great potential to revolutionize cancer care through early detection and personalized treatment strategies. However, its success depends on overcoming technological and clinical hurdles, such as ensuring high sensitivity and specificity, interpreting results amidst tumor heterogeneity, and making tests accessible and affordable. Continued innovation and collaboration are crucial to fully realize the potential of liquid biopsy in improving early cancer detection, treatment, and monitoring.