乳腺癌是全球女性死亡的主要原因之一。早期准确的诊断是癌症治疗的一个里程碑。有几种乳腺癌诊断剂可供使用。许多常规剂型的化疗药物已获得批准；然而，它们缺乏癌细胞特异性，导致治疗不当和不良副作用。最近，纳米治疗学已成为实现安全有效的癌症诊断和管理的新范例。这篇综述提供了对乳腺癌流行病学、阻碍早期诊断的障碍以及化疗药物有效递送的见解。此外，传统的诊断剂和最近的纳米治疗平台已用于乳腺癌。此外，还回顾了癌细胞靶向和纳米载体表面功能化作为化疗靶向有效方法的机制以及未来的展望。我们提出，修饰的纳米载体可能为乳腺癌药物靶向提供有效的方法。这些纳米治疗学需要更多的临床评估来确认它们在癌症治疗中的功效。此外，我们建议使用人工智能（AI）作为早期有效评估乳腺病变的一种有前途的方法。人工智能可以更好地解释和分析纳米治疗数据，从而最大限度地减少误诊并避免医疗保健提供者的迟来干预。

Breast cancer is one of the main causes of mortality in women globally. Early and accurate diagnosis represents a milestone in cancer management. Several breast cancer diagnostic agents are available. Many chemotherapeutic agents in conventional dosage forms are approved; nevertheless, they lack cancer cell specificity, resulting in improper treatment and undesirable side effects. Recently, nanotheranostics has emerged as a new paradigm to achieve safe and effective cancer diagnosis and management.This review provides insight into breast cancer epidemiology, barriers hindering the early diagnosis, and effective delivery of chemotherapeutics. Also, conventional diagnostic agents and recent nanotheranostic platforms have been used in breast cancer. In addition, mechanisms of cancer cell targeting and nano-carrier surface functionalization as an effective approach for chemotherapeutic targeting were reviewed along with future perspectives.We proposed that modified nano-carriers may provide an efficacious approach for breast cancer drug targeting. These nanotheranostics need more clinical evaluations to confirm their efficacy in cancer management. In addition, we recommend the use of artificial intelligence (AI) as a promising approach for early and efficient assessment of breast lesions. AI allows better interpretation and analysis of nanotheranostic data, which minimizes misdiagnosis and avoids the belated intervention of health care providers.