肥胖本身正在全球范围内迅速出现，并进一步导致许多其他危及生命的疾病，例如糖尿病、心血管疾病和癌症。脂肪组织中供氧量减少或相对耗氧量增加会导致脂肪组织缺氧，这是肥胖的标志。本综述旨在提供脂肪组织缺氧信号传导的最新概述。首先，我们总结了文献证据，证明在人类和啮齿动物肥胖模型的脂肪组织重塑过程中经常观察到缺氧。接下来，我们讨论如何调节缺氧诱导因子（HIF）以及脂肪组织如何响应缺氧。然后，强调了脂肪 HIF-1α 和 HIF-2α 在脂肪组织生物学和肥胖病理学中的不同作用。最后，该综述强调了调节脂肪缺氧作为一种治疗途径的重要性，以帮助脂肪组织在功能上适应缺氧条件，最终促进脂肪健康并改善肥胖引起的结果。© 作者 2024。由牛津大学出版社出版代表中国科学院上海生命科学研究院生物化学与细胞生物学研究所。

Obesity per se is rapidly emerging all over the planet and further accounts for many other life-threatening conditions, such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and cancers. Decreased oxygen supply or increased relative oxygen consumption in the adipose tissue results in adipose tissue hypoxia, which is a hallmark of obesity. This review aims to provide an up-to-date overview of the hypoxia signaling in the adipose tissue. First, we summarize literature evidence to demonstrate that hypoxia is regularly observed during adipose tissue remodeling in human and rodent models of obesity. Next, we discuss how hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) are regulated and how adipose tissues behave in response to hypoxia. Then, the differential roles of adipose HIF-1α and HIF-2α in adipose tissue biology and obesity pathology are highlighted. Finally, the review emphasizes the importance of modulating adipose hypoxia as a therapeutic avenue to assist adipose tissues in functionally adapting to hypoxic conditions, ultimately promoting adipose health and improving outcomes due to obesity.© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences.