放射学程序的使用极大地促进了心脏病学的发展。患有心脏病的人会受到电离辐射的影响。根据用于辐射防护目的的线性无阈值模型，暴露于电离辐射会增加终生癌症风险，其危害与剂量成比例。在美国，截至 2016 年放射学年，普通公民每年人均累计医疗辐射暴露中位数为 2.29 毫西弗 (mSv)，相当于 115 次胸部 X 光的剂量暴露。心脏病学研究通常涉及每次手术的高暴露量，约占累积医疗辐射暴露量的 30% 至 50%。恶性肿瘤更容易发生在接受心脏干预和心血管成像检测的最大辐射剂量的最放射敏感器官中，例如肺、骨髓和女性乳房。据认为，辐射暴露与癌症之间的潜伏期对于白血病至少为 2 年，对于所有实体癌至少为 5 年，并且在随访时间更长并纳入非心血管终点（例如）的心脏病学研究中更有可能出现差异。癌症发病率。在心脏病学研究中，在暴露后 3 至 12 年内观察到过多的癌症，随着随访时间的延长，癌症发病率的差异更大。假定的相关过度癌症风险需要更多的研究。这些暴露提供了一个独特的机会来扩展我们对电离辐射暴露与癌症风险之间关系的了解。未来比较介入透视与最佳药物治疗或开放手术的试验应包括癌症发病率终点。© 作者 2024。由牛津大学出版社代表欧洲心脏病学会出版。版权所有。如需商业重复使用，请联系 reprints@oup.com 获取转载和转载的翻译权。所有其他权限都可以通过我们网站文章页面上的权限链接通过我们的 RightsLink 服务获得 - 如需了解更多信息，请联系journals.permissions@oup.com。

Use of radiological procedures has enormously advanced cardiology. People with heart disease are exposed to ionizing radiation. Exposure to ionizing radiation increases lifetime cancer risk with a dose-proportional hazard according to the linear no-threshold model adopted for radioprotection purposes. In the United States, the average citizen accumulates a median annual medical radiation exposure of 2.29 millisievert (mSv) per year per capita as of the radiologic year 2016, corresponding to the dose exposure of 115 chest X-rays. Cardiology studies often involve high exposures per procedure accounting for approximately 30% to 50% of cumulative medical radiation exposures. Malignancy is more incident in the most radiosensitive organs receiving the largest organ dose from cardiac interventions and cardiovascular imaging testing, such as the lung, bone marrow, and female breast. The latency period between radiation exposure and cancer is thought to be at least 2 years for leukemia and 5 years for all solid cancers, and differences are more likely to emerge in cardiology studies with longer follow-up and inclusion of non-cardiovascular endpoints such as cancer incidence. In cardiological studies, excess cancers are observed 3 to 12 years following exposure, with longer follow-up times showing greater differences in cancer incidence. The presumed associated excess cancer risk needs greater study. These exposures provide a unique opportunity to expand our knowledge of the relationship between exposure to ionizing radiation and cancer risk. Future trials comparing interventional fluoroscopy versus optimal medical therapy or open surgery should include a cancer incidence endpoint.© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Society of Cardiology. All rights reserved. For commercial re-use, please contact reprints@oup.com for reprints and translation rights for reprints. All other permissions can be obtained through our RightsLink service via the Permissions link on the article page on our site—for further information please contact journals.permissions@oup.com.