迄今为止，还没有标准化的、基于证据的随访计划来监测接受局部治疗（FT）的患者，专家中心主要依靠自己的经验和/或机构协议。我们的目的是对前列腺癌 (PCa) FT 后最有利的随访策略及其基本原理进行全面回顾。对文献进行叙述性回顾，以调查 PCa FT 的不同随访方案。感兴趣的结果是消融后的肿瘤和功能结果以及并发症。FT 后的肿瘤成功通常定义为活检证实治疗区域不存在有临床意义的 PCa。未治疗区域的新发 PCa 通常反映了患者选择不准确，应作为原发性 PCa 进行治疗。在随访期间，应通过定期 PSA、多参数 MRI 和前列腺活检来评估肿瘤学结果。 PSA衍生物和新生物标志物的使用仍然存在争议，因此不推荐。 FT 后的第一次 MRI 应在 6-12 个月之间进行，以避免在 FT 失败时出现与消融相关的伪影和诊断延迟。其他成像方式，例如 PSMA PET/CT 扫描，很有前景，但仍需要在 FT 后环境中进行验证。为期 12 个月的“符合方案”前列腺活检，包括针对性和系统性活检，通常被认为是排除肿瘤持续/复发的首选活检方法。随后的 mpMRI 和活检应根据临床情况采用风险适应方法。应在第一年内使用经过验证的问卷定期评估功能结果，通常会恢复到新的基线。并发症尽管不常见，但应主要在第一个月进行严格监测。FT随访是一个多方面的过程，涉及临床、放射学和组织学评估。需要进行评估不同后续策略和理想时机的影响的研究，以制定遵循 FT 的标准化方案。© 2024。作者，获得 Springer Nature Limited 的独家许可。

to date, no standardized, evidence-based follow-up schemes exist for the monitoring of patients who underwent focal therapy (FT) and expert centers rely mainly on their own experience and/or institutional protocols. We aimed to perform a comprehensive review of the most advantageous follow-up strategies and their rationale after FT for prostate cancer (PCa).a narrative review of the literature was conducted to investigate different follow-up protocols of FT for PCa. Outcomes of interest were post-ablation oncological and functional outcomes and complications.Oncological success after FT was generally defined as the biopsy-confirmed absence of clinically significant PCa in the treated zone. De novo PCa in the untreated area usually reflects an inaccurate patient selection and should be treated as primary PCa. During follow-up, oncological outcomes should be evaluated with periodic PSA, multiparametric MRI and prostate biopsy. The use of PSA derivatives and new biomarkers is still controversial and therefore not recommended. The first MRI after FT should be performed between 6-12 months to avoid ablation-related artifacts and diagnostic delay in case of FT failure. Other imaging modalities, such as PSMA PET/CT scan, are promising but still need to be validated in the post-FT setting. A 12-month "for-protocol" prostate biopsy, including targeted and systematic biopsy, was generally considered the preferred biopsy method to rule out tumor persistence/recurrence. Subsequent mpMRIs and biopsies should follow a risk-adapted approach depending on the clinical scenario. Functional outcomes should be periodically assessed using validated questionnaires within the first year, when typically recover to a new baseline. Complications, despite uncommon, should be strictly monitored mainly in the first month.FT follow-up is a multifaceted process involving clinical, radiological, and histological assessment. Studies evaluating the impact of different follow-up strategies and ideal timings are needed to produce standardized protocols following FT.© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited.