人乳头瘤病毒 (HPV) 以其致癌特性而闻名，是宫颈癌的主要原因，并显着增加死亡率。它还在全球头颈癌发病率上升的过程中发挥着重要作用。这些癌症给全世界带来了巨大的健康负担。目前诊断和治疗策略的局限性，以及低收入和中等收入国家预防性疫苗覆盖率不足，阻碍了世界卫生组织 (WHO) 设定的 2030 年 HPV 预防和控制目标的进展。为了应对这些挑战，结构病毒学的广泛研究探索了 HPV 蛋白的特性，对 HPV 感染机制产生了重要的见解，这对于制定预防和治疗策略非常重要。本综述重点介绍了了解 HPV 蛋白结构的最新进展，并讨论了 HPV 疫苗开发的成就和未来机遇。版权所有 © 2024 Elsevier Inc. 保留所有权利。

Human papillomavirus (HPV), known for its oncogenic properties, is the primary cause of cervical cancer and significantly contributes to mortality rates. It also plays a considerable role in the globally rising incidences of head and neck cancers. These cancers pose a substantial health burden worldwide. Current limitations in diagnostic and treatment strategies, along with inadequate coverage of preventive vaccines in low- and middle-income countries, hinder the progress toward the World Health Organization (WHO) HPV prevention and control targets set for 2030. In response to these challenges, extensive research in structural virology has explored the properties of HPV proteins, yielding crucial insights into the mechanisms of HPV infection that are important for the development of prevention and therapeutic strategies. This review highlights recent advances in understanding the structures of HPV proteins and discusses achievements and future opportunities for HPV vaccine development.Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.