癌症治疗仍然是现代医学的一项艰巨挑战，需要对其分子基础进行细致的了解并确定新的治疗方式。在与肿瘤发生有关的错综复杂的细胞通路网络中，蛋白质合成已成为值得仔细研究的基本过程。这篇综述阐明了蛋白质合成途径在肿瘤发生和进展中的多方面作用，强调了靶向这些途径中的关键节点作为可行的治疗策略的潜力。由于其结构多样性和进化磨练，天然产物长期以来一直是具有治疗潜力的生物活性化合物的来源。在此框架内，我们利用最新进展和机制见解，对蛋白质合成的天然抑制剂作为癌症治疗的有希望的候选者进行了彻底的检查。通过综合现有证据并阐明关键挑战和机遇，本综述旨在激发对基于天然产物的抗癌疗法开发的进一步研究，从而推进针对恶性肿瘤的临床治疗。版权所有 © 2024。由 Elsevier Ltd 出版。

Cancer treatment remains a formidable challenge in modern medicine, necessitating a nuanced understanding of its molecular underpinnings and the identification of novel therapeutic modalities. Among the intricate web of cellular pathways implicated in oncogenesis, protein synthesis has emerged as a fundamental process warranting meticulous investigation. This review elucidates the multifaceted role of protein synthesis pathways in tumor initiation and progression, highlighting the potential of targeting key nodes within these pathways as viable therapeutic strategies. Natural products have long served as a source of bioactive compounds with therapeutic potential owing to their structural diversity and evolutionary honing. Within this framework, we provide a thorough examination of natural inhibitors of protein synthesis as promising candidates for cancer therapy, drawing upon recent advancements and mechanistic insights. By synthesizing current evidence and elucidating key challenges and opportunities, this review aims to galvanize further research into the development of natural product-based anticancer therapeutics, thereby advancing the clinical armamentarium against malignancies.Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier Ltd.