治疗诊断学代表了神经病学和神经外科领域的重大进步，提供了将各种神经系统疾病的诊断和治疗相结合的创新方法。这项创新是个性化医疗的基石，其中治疗策略与诊断工具紧密结合，以实现精确和有针对性的干预。初步研究结果强调了治疗诊断学对神经肿瘤的深远影响。在这种背景下，它为了解肿瘤微环境的复杂性和耐药机制提供了宝贵的见解。此外，在神经退行性疾病（ND）领域，治疗诊断学有助于识别不同的疾病亚型和新的治疗靶点。它还揭示了脑血管疾病（CVD）和癫痫等复杂的病理生理学基础，为更精细的治疗方法奠定了基础。随着治疗诊断学通过持续的研究和完善不断发展，其目标包括进一步推进精准医学领域、开发临床使用的实用生物标志物，并为新的治疗机会打开大门。然而，将这些方法整合到临床环境中提出了挑战，包括伦理考虑、高级数据解释的需要、程序标准化以及确保成本效益。尽管存在这些障碍，治疗诊断学在神经病学和神经外科领域显着改善患者治疗效果的承诺仍然是医疗保健未来的乐观来源。版权所有 © 2024。由 Elsevier Inc. 出版。

Theranostics represents a significant advance in the fields of neurology and neurosurgery, offering innovative approaches that combine the diagnosis and treatment of various neurological disorders. This innovation serves as a cornerstone of personalized medicine, where therapeutic strategies are closely integrated with diagnostic tools to enable precise and targeted interventions. Primary research results emphasize the profound impact of theranostics in Neuro Oncol. In this context, it has provided valuable insights into the complexity of the tumor microenvironment and mechanisms of resistance. In addition, in the field of neurodegenerative diseases (NDs), theranostics has facilitated the identification of distinct disease subtypes and novel therapeutic targets. It has also unravelled the intricate pathophysiology underlying conditions such as cerebrovascular disease (CVD) and epilepsy, setting the stage for more refined treatment approaches. As theranostics continues to evolve through ongoing research and refinement, its goals include further advancing the field of precision medicine, developing practical biomarkers for clinical use, and opening doors to new therapeutic opportunities. Nevertheless, the integration of these approaches into clinical settings presents challenges, including ethical considerations, the need for advanced data interpretation, standardization of procedures, and ensuring cost-effectiveness. Despite these obstacles, the promise of theranostics to significantly improve patient outcomes in the fields of neurology and neurosurgery remains a source of optimism for the future of healthcare.Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier Inc.