甲状腺癌（TC）可通过多种组织学类型进行诊断，这些类型的临床特征和生存率各不相同。我们的目的是描述它们如何影响瑞典的 TC 生存率。癌症数据是从 1999 年至 2018 年期间从瑞典癌症登记处获得的，这些数据用于分析相对生存率。在 10 年期间进行分析时，所有 TC 的相对生存率均有所改善，女性的生存率比男性的生存率提高得更多。尽管罕见类型的病例数较低，但特定组织学类型似乎也存在女性生存优势。女性 TC 的 5 年相对生存率，滤泡癌为 100%，嗜酸细胞癌为 95.1%，乳头状癌为 93.4%，髓样癌为 89.7%，未分化癌为 6.1%。在临床 TNM 分类中，与 T1-3 和 M0 相比，仅 T4 和 M1 分期与生存率降低相关。与其他 TC 相比，未分化癌最常出现在高 T 期和 M1 期。奇怪的是，M1 间变患者的诊断年龄低于 M0 患者。与主要组织学类型相比，间变性癌和髓样癌均未表现出转移可能性随年龄而增加的情况。这可能表明存在多种类型的间变性癌和髓样癌。间变性 TC 的较差生存率与分化型 TC 的出色生存率形成鲜明对比。由于不到 20% 的未分化癌症患者存活一年，因此紧急诊断和开始治疗非常重要。丹麦建立了便利的治疗途径，从而提高了生存率。再生性癌症应该成为主要研究重点的目标。© 2024 Zitricky 等人。

Thyroid cancer (TC) is diagnosed in several histological types which differ in their clinical characteristics and survival. We aim to describe how they influence TC survival in Sweden.Cancer data were obtained from the Swedish cancer registry between years 1999 and 2018, and these were used to analyze relative survival.Relative survival for all TC improved when analyzed in 10-year periods, and female survival improved more than male survival. Female survival advantage appeared to be present also for specific histological types, although case numbers were low for rare types. Female 5-year relative survival for TC was 100% for follicular, 95.1% for oncocytic, 93.4% for papillary, 89.7% for medullary, and 6.1% for anaplastic cancer. Among the clinical TNM classes, only T4 and M1 stages were associated with decreased survival compared to T1-3 and M0. Anaplastic cancer presented most often at high T and M1 stages, in contrast to other TC. Curiously, the diagnostic age for anaplastic M1 patients was lower than that for M0 patients. Both anaplastic and medullary cancers did not show age-dependent increases in the probability of metastases, in contrast to the main histological types. This could indicate the presence of several types of anaplastic and medullary cancers.The poor survival for anaplastic TC is an extreme contrast to the excellent survival of differentiated TC. As less than 20% of anaplastic cancer patients survived one year, urgent diagnosis and initiation of treatment are important. Facilitated treatment pathways have been instituted in Denmark resulting in improved survival. Anaplastic cancer should be a target of a major research focus.© 2024 Zitricky et al.