海洋是无数结构不同且独特的天然产物的丰富来源，这些天然产物主要存在于无脊椎动物中，在不同学科中具有潜在的应用。微生物感染和癌症是全世界死亡的主要原因。由于对现有疗法产生耐药性的病原微生物的出现，迫切需要发现微生物感染的新疗法。海洋生物活性物质已被证明是发现和开发新型抗菌和抗癌化合物的有前途的来源。几种海洋化合物被证实具有抗菌作用，并且大多数海洋抗真菌化合物具有细胞毒性。许多抗肿瘤海洋天然产物主要源自海绵或软体动物，以及苔藓虫和蓝细菌，表现出有效的抗有丝分裂活性。此外，海洋生物多样性为治疗人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）提供了一些可能的线索或新药。大多数海洋衍生药物目前正处于临床试验或临床前评估阶段。此外，市场上还有经美国食品和药物管理局（FDA）批准的海洋药物。本综述总结了海洋天然产物（如肽、生物碱、聚酮化合物、多酚、萜类化合物和甾醇）作为抗真菌、抗菌、抗病毒和抗癌化合物的来源、作用机制和潜在用途。意义声明 利用海洋生物活性物质作为天然保健品，在提供膳食补充剂、营养保健品、功能性食品和药品方面带来了重大进步。它们的广泛应用可以促进健康并在降低疾病风险方面发挥作用。来自海洋生物的有效化合物的治疗潜力及其生物活性物质的使用对于预防疾病和推进制药和营养保健品行业具有广阔的药用价值。它们的利用有利于全球人类健康，并有助于以变革性/可持续的方式保护海洋生态系统。版权所有 © 2024 美国药理学和实验治疗学会。

The oceans are a rich source of a myriad of structurally different and unique natural products that are mainly found in invertebrates with potential applications in different disciplines. Microbial infection and cancer are the leading causes of death worldwide. Discovery of new sources of therapy for microbial infections is an urgent requirement due to the emergence of pathogenic microorganisms that are resistant to existing therapies. Marine bioactives have demonstrated to be promising sources for the discovery and development of novel antimicrobial and anticancer compounds. Several marine compounds are confirmed to have antibacterial effects and most marine-based antifungal compounds are cytotoxic. Numerous antitumor marine natural products, derived mainly from sponges or molluscs, and also bryozoans and cyanobacteria, exhibit potent antimitotic activity. In addition, marine biodiversity offers some possible leads or new drugs to treat human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). A majority of marine derived drugs are currently in clinical trials or under preclinical evaluation. Furthermore, marine-based drugs, approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) are available in the market. This review summarizes the sources, mechanisms of action and potential utilization of marine natural products such as peptides, alkaloids, polyketides, polyphenols, terpenoids and sterols as antifungal, antibacterial, antiviral, and anticancer compounds. Significance Statement Utilization of marine bioactives as natural health products leads to crucial advancement in providing dietary supplements, nutraceuticals, functional foods and pharmaceuticals. Their myriad of application promotes health and plays a role in disease risk reduction. Therapeutic potential of potent compounds from marine organisms and use of their bioactives have promising medicinal value for preventing ailments and advancing pharmaceutical and nutraceutical industries. Their utilization benefits human health globally and contributes to the conservation of marine ecosystem in a transformative / sustainable approach.Copyright © 2024 American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics.