过去几十年来，口腔癌的生存率几乎没有改善。这主要是由于检测较晚且缺乏可靠的标记物来预测口腔潜在恶性疾病（OPMD）的疾病进展。需要高度特异性和灵敏的筛查工具以实现恶性转化的早期检测。组织的生化改变是对病理过程的早期反应；表现为分子结构、浓度或构象的改变。拉曼光谱是一种强大的分析技术，可以探测这些生化变化，并可用于生成新型疾病特异性生物标志物。因此，拉曼光谱有潜力作为辅助工具，帮助口腔癌的早期诊断和 OPMD 疾病进展的检测。这篇综述描述了基于离体和液体活检的拉曼光谱在口腔癌和 OPMD 诊断中的应用，以及体内应用，显示了这种强大工具从台式到椅旁发展的潜力。

Oral cancer survival rates have seen little improvement over the past few decades. This is mainly due to late detection and a lack of reliable markers to predict disease progression in oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs). There is a need for highly specific and sensitive screening tools to enable early detection of malignant transformation. Biochemical alterations to tissues occur as an early response to pathological processes; manifesting as modifications to molecular structure, concentration or conformation. Raman spectroscopy is a powerful analytical technique that can probe these biochemical changes and can be exploited for the generation of novel disease-specific biomarkers. Therefore, Raman spectroscopy has the potential as an adjunct tool that can assist in the early diagnosis of oral cancer and the detection of disease progression in OPMDs. This review describes the use of Raman spectroscopy for the diagnosis of oral cancer and OPMDs based on ex vivo and liquid biopsies as well as in vivo applications that show the potential of this powerful tool to progress from benchtop to chairside.