疾病的准确检测、治疗和成像对于患者的有效治疗结果非常重要。在这方面，气泡由于其多功能性而受到广泛关注。可以产生尺寸通常为 1 nm 至 10 μm 的气泡，并装载各种脂质、聚合物、蛋白质以及治疗剂和显像剂。这篇综述详细介绍了气泡的不同产生和加载方法，用于癌症、肿瘤血管生成、血栓形成和炎症等疾病/病症的成像和治疗。气泡还可用于灌注测量，这对于心脏病的诊断和治疗决策非常重要。解释了对气泡稳定性重要的不同因素以及表征其物理和化学特性的不同技术，以开发具有先进治疗和成像特征的气泡。因此，该综述为研究生物医学应用气泡的研究人员提供了重要的见解。

Accurate detection, treatment, and imaging of diseases are important for effective treatment outcomes in patients. In this regard, bubbles have gained much attention, due to their versatility. Bubbles usually 1 nm to 10 μm in size can be produced and loaded with a variety of lipids, polymers, proteins, and therapeutic and imaging agents. This review details the different production and loading methods for bubbles, for imaging and treatment of diseases/conditions such as cancer, tumor angiogenesis, thrombosis, and inflammation. Bubbles can also be used for perfusion measurements, important for diagnostic and therapeutic decision making in cardiac disease. The different factors important in the stability of bubbles and the different techniques for characterizing their physical and chemical properties are explained, for developing bubbles with advanced therapeutic and imaging features. Hence, the review provides important insights for researchers studying bubbles for biomedical applications.