健康和疾病中免疫系统的代谢调节：机制和干预措施
Metabolic regulation of the immune system in health and diseases: mechanisms and interventions
影响因子:52.70000
分区:医学1区 Top / 生化与分子生物学1区 细胞生物学1区
发表日期:2024 Oct 09
作者:
Tengyue Hu, Chang-Hai Liu, Min Lei, Qingmin Zeng, Li Li, Hong Tang, Nannan Zhang
摘要
代谢，包括糖酵解，氧化磷酸化，脂肪酸氧化和其他代谢途径，会影响免疫细胞的表型和功能。免疫系统的代谢调节在许多疾病的发病机理和进展中很重要，例如癌症，自身免疫性疾病和代谢疾病。十年前引入了免疫代谢的概念，以阐明代谢和免疫之间的复杂相互作用。免疫代谢的定义已从代谢疾病的慢性低度炎症扩展到各种疾病中免疫细胞的代谢重编程。通过提出和发展免疫代谢，可以逐渐总结一下免疫系统的代谢调节，并越来越清晰。在许多疾病，包括癌症，自身免疫性疾病，代谢疾病和许多其他疾病的背景下，在诱导促炎或抗炎作用的免疫细胞中发生了代谢重编程。由代谢调节引起的免疫细胞的表型和功能变化进一步影响和发展疾病。基于实验结果，靶向免疫细胞的细胞代谢成为一种有希望的疗法。在这篇综述中，我们专注于免疫细胞引入其代谢途径和代谢重编程，并总结了这些代谢途径如何影响疾病背景下的免疫作用。我们在现有研究中彻底探索基于免疫代谢的靶标和治疗方法。还总结了将实验结果转化为免疫代谢领域临床应用的挑战。我们认为，对健康和疾病中免疫调节的更好理解将改善大多数疾病的管理。
Abstract
Metabolism, including glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation, fatty acid oxidation, and other metabolic pathways, impacts the phenotypes and functions of immune cells. The metabolic regulation of the immune system is important in the pathogenesis and progression of numerous diseases, such as cancers, autoimmune diseases and metabolic diseases. The concept of immunometabolism was introduced over a decade ago to elucidate the intricate interplay between metabolism and immunity. The definition of immunometabolism has expanded from chronic low-grade inflammation in metabolic diseases to metabolic reprogramming of immune cells in various diseases. With immunometabolism being proposed and developed, the metabolic regulation of the immune system can be gradually summarized and becomes more and more clearer. In the context of many diseases including cancer, autoimmune diseases, metabolic diseases, and many other disease, metabolic reprogramming occurs in immune cells inducing proinflammatory or anti-inflammatory effects. The phenotypic and functional changes of immune cells caused by metabolic regulation further affect and development of diseases. Based on experimental results, targeting cellular metabolism of immune cells becomes a promising therapy. In this review, we focus on immune cells to introduce their metabolic pathways and metabolic reprogramming, and summarize how these metabolic pathways affect immune effects in the context of diseases. We thoroughly explore targets and treatments based on immunometabolism in existing studies. The challenges of translating experimental results into clinical applications in the field of immunometabolism are also summarized. We believe that a better understanding of immune regulation in health and diseases will improve the management of most diseases.