健康与疾病中免疫系统的代谢调控：机制与干预
Metabolic regulation of the immune system in health and diseases: mechanisms and interventions
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影响因子:52.7
分区:医学1区 Top / 生化与分子生物学1区 细胞生物学1区
发表日期:2024 Oct 09
作者:
Tengyue Hu, Chang-Hai Liu, Min Lei, Qingmin Zeng, Li Li, Hong Tang, Nannan Zhang
DOI:
10.1038/s41392-024-01954-6
摘要
代谢，包括糖酵解、氧化磷酸化、脂肪酸氧化以及其他代谢途径，影响免疫细胞的表型和功能。免疫系统的代谢调控在多种疾病的发病机制和进展中具有重要作用，如癌症、自身免疫疾病和代谢疾病。十余年前引入的免疫代谢概念旨在阐明代谢与免疫之间的复杂相互作用。免疫代谢的定义已从代谢疾病中的慢性低度炎症扩展到多种疾病中免疫细胞的代谢重编程。随着免疫代谢的提出与发展，免疫系统的代谢调控逐渐被总结，并变得日益清晰。在包括癌症、自身免疫疾病、代谢疾病在内的多种疾病背景下，免疫细胞发生代谢重编程，诱导促炎或抗炎作用。代谢调控引起的免疫细胞表型和功能变化进一步影响疾病的发展。基于实验结果，靶向免疫细胞的代谢成为一种有前景的治疗策略。在本文中，我们重点介绍免疫细胞的代谢途径和代谢重编程，综述这些代谢途径在疾病背景下如何影响免疫效应。我们详细探讨了现有研究中基于免疫代谢的靶点和治疗方法。并总结了将实验结果转化为临床应用过程中面临的挑战。我们相信，深入理解健康与疾病中的免疫调节将改善大多数疾病的管理。
Abstract
Metabolism, including glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation, fatty acid oxidation, and other metabolic pathways, impacts the phenotypes and functions of immune cells. The metabolic regulation of the immune system is important in the pathogenesis and progression of numerous diseases, such as cancers, autoimmune diseases and metabolic diseases. The concept of immunometabolism was introduced over a decade ago to elucidate the intricate interplay between metabolism and immunity. The definition of immunometabolism has expanded from chronic low-grade inflammation in metabolic diseases to metabolic reprogramming of immune cells in various diseases. With immunometabolism being proposed and developed, the metabolic regulation of the immune system can be gradually summarized and becomes more and more clearer. In the context of many diseases including cancer, autoimmune diseases, metabolic diseases, and many other disease, metabolic reprogramming occurs in immune cells inducing proinflammatory or anti-inflammatory effects. The phenotypic and functional changes of immune cells caused by metabolic regulation further affect and development of diseases. Based on experimental results, targeting cellular metabolism of immune cells becomes a promising therapy. In this review, we focus on immune cells to introduce their metabolic pathways and metabolic reprogramming, and summarize how these metabolic pathways affect immune effects in the context of diseases. We thoroughly explore targets and treatments based on immunometabolism in existing studies. The challenges of translating experimental results into clinical applications in the field of immunometabolism are also summarized. We believe that a better understanding of immune regulation in health and diseases will improve the management of most diseases.