代谢，包括糖酵解、氧化磷酸化、脂肪酸氧化和其他代谢途径，影响免疫细胞的表型和功能。免疫系统的代谢调节在许多疾病的发病机制和进展中非常重要，例如癌症、自身免疫性疾病和代谢性疾病。免疫代谢的概念是在十多年前提出的，旨在阐明代谢与免疫之间复杂的相互作用。免疫代谢的定义已从代谢性疾病中的慢性低度炎症扩展到各种疾病中免疫细胞的代谢重编程。随着免疫代谢理论的提出和发展，免疫系统的代谢调控逐渐被总结并越来越清晰。在包括癌症、自身免疫性疾病、代谢疾病和许多其他疾病在内的许多疾病的背景下，免疫细胞中发生代谢重编程，从而诱导促炎或抗炎作用。代谢调节引起的免疫细胞表型和功能的变化进一步影响和发展疾病。根据实验结果，针对免疫细胞的细胞代谢成为一种有前途的疗法。在这篇综述中，我们重点关注免疫细胞，介绍其代谢途径和代谢重编程，并总结这些代谢途径在疾病背景下如何影响免疫效应。我们在现有研究中深入探索基于免疫代谢的靶点和治疗方法。还总结了免疫代谢领域将实验结果转化为临床应用的挑战。我们相信，更好地了解健康和疾病中的免疫调节将改善大多数疾病的管理。© 2024。作者。

Metabolism, including glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation, fatty acid oxidation, and other metabolic pathways, impacts the phenotypes and functions of immune cells. The metabolic regulation of the immune system is important in the pathogenesis and progression of numerous diseases, such as cancers, autoimmune diseases and metabolic diseases. The concept of immunometabolism was introduced over a decade ago to elucidate the intricate interplay between metabolism and immunity. The definition of immunometabolism has expanded from chronic low-grade inflammation in metabolic diseases to metabolic reprogramming of immune cells in various diseases. With immunometabolism being proposed and developed, the metabolic regulation of the immune system can be gradually summarized and becomes more and more clearer. In the context of many diseases including cancer, autoimmune diseases, metabolic diseases, and many other disease, metabolic reprogramming occurs in immune cells inducing proinflammatory or anti-inflammatory effects. The phenotypic and functional changes of immune cells caused by metabolic regulation further affect and development of diseases. Based on experimental results, targeting cellular metabolism of immune cells becomes a promising therapy. In this review, we focus on immune cells to introduce their metabolic pathways and metabolic reprogramming, and summarize how these metabolic pathways affect immune effects in the context of diseases. We thoroughly explore targets and treatments based on immunometabolism in existing studies. The challenges of translating experimental results into clinical applications in the field of immunometabolism are also summarized. We believe that a better understanding of immune regulation in health and diseases will improve the management of most diseases.© 2024. The Author(s).