免疫疗法是一种有前途的癌症治疗方法，因为它能够持续增强自然免疫反应。然而，包括 ICI 在内的多种免疫疗法的效果受到对这些药物的耐药性、免疫相关不良事件以及缺乏在正确时间和地点可用的合理治疗靶点的限制。肿瘤微环境（TME）以肿瘤相关巨噬细胞（TAM）为特征，由于其缺氧微环境和缺乏血管，在抵抗中发挥着重要作用，导致癌症免疫逃避。为了增强免疫治疗，光动力疗法 (PDT) 可以通过免疫原性细胞死亡 (ICD) 增加先天性和适应性免疫反应，并改善 TME。传统的光敏剂 (PS) 还包括精确靶向肿瘤细胞或 TAM 的新型纳米药物。在此，我们回顾并总结了纳米药物用于癌症光免疫治疗的当前策略和可能的影响因素。© 2024 Wei et al.

Immunotherapy is a promising cancer treatment because of its ability to sustainably enhance the natural immune response. However, the effects of multiple immunotherapies, including ICIs, are limited by resistance to these agents, immune-related adverse events, and a lack of reasonable therapeutic targets available at the right time and place. The tumor microenvironment (TME), which features tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), plays a significant role in resistance owing to its hypoxic microenvironment and lack of blood vessels, resulting in cancer immune evasion. To enhance immunotherapy, photodynamic therapy (PDT) can increase innate and adaptive immune responses through immunogenic cell death (ICD) and improve the TME. Traditional photosensitizers (PSs) also include novel nanomedicines to precisely target tumor cells or TAMs. Here, we reviewed and summarized current strategies and possible influencing factors for nanomedicines for cancer photoimmunotherapy.© 2024 Wei et al.