干扰素调节因子 (IRF) 是转录因子家族，深刻影响免疫系统，影响生理和病理过程。这篇综述探讨了九个哺乳动物 IRF 成员的不同功能，每个成员都具有与其他转录因子和辅因子相互作用所必需的保守结构域。这些相互作用使 IRF 能够调节广泛的生理过程，包括宿主防御、免疫反应和细胞发育。相反，它们在免疫调节中的关键作用表明它们与各种疾病的病理生理学有关，例如传染病、自身免疫性疾病、代谢性疾病和癌症。在这种情况下，IRF 表现出二分性，既可以作为肿瘤抑制因子，也可以作为肿瘤促进因子，具体取决于特定的疾病环境。 IRF 的翻译后修饰，包括磷酸化和泛素化，在调节其功能、稳定性和激活方面发挥着至关重要的作用。作为前瞻性生物标志物和治疗靶点，IRF 为疾病干预提供了有希望的机会。需要进一步的研究来阐明 IRF 调节的精确机制，从而可能开创创新的治疗策略，特别是在癌症治疗中，IRF 活性的平衡至关重要。© 2024。作者。

Interferon Regulatory Factors (IRFs), a family of transcription factors, profoundly influence the immune system, impacting both physiological and pathological processes. This review explores the diverse functions of nine mammalian IRF members, each featuring conserved domains essential for interactions with other transcription factors and cofactors. These interactions allow IRFs to modulate a broad spectrum of physiological processes, encompassing host defense, immune response, and cell development. Conversely, their pivotal role in immune regulation implicates them in the pathophysiology of various diseases, such as infectious diseases, autoimmune disorders, metabolic diseases, and cancers. In this context, IRFs display a dichotomous nature, functioning as both tumor suppressors and promoters, contingent upon the specific disease milieu. Post-translational modifications of IRFs, including phosphorylation and ubiquitination, play a crucial role in modulating their function, stability, and activation. As prospective biomarkers and therapeutic targets, IRFs present promising opportunities for disease intervention. Further research is needed to elucidate the precise mechanisms governing IRF regulation, potentially pioneering innovative therapeutic strategies, particularly in cancer treatment, where the equilibrium of IRF activities is of paramount importance.© 2024. The Author(s).