3D 细胞建模学科目前正在经历令人着迷的发展浪潮，这些发展正在增强组织模拟的真实性和实用性。使用代表细胞、支架和生长因子的生物墨水，科学家们可以利用 3D 生物打印等创新技术逐层构建复杂的组织结构。由于微流体技术和器官芯片设备对细胞环境进行精确控制，可以加速药物测试并更精确地复制器官功能。随着水凝胶和智能生物材料的出现，组织工程变得越来越动态，材料可以改变周围环境。球体和类器官的进步不仅使我们获得更有效和定制的治疗方法，而且还提高了它们模拟实际人体组织的能力。共焦和双光子显微镜是先进成像方法的例子，可提供细胞功能和相互作用的精确图像。人工智能模型可用于增强支架设计和预测组织对药物的反应。此外，通过加强预测模型、优化数据分析和简化 3D 细胞培养设计，人工智能正在彻底改变这一领域。这些技术结合起来，可以提高我们进行研究的能力，并推动我们采取更加个性化和有效的医疗干预措施。© 2024。作者获得 Springer Science Business Media, LLC（Springer Nature 旗下公司）的独家许可。

The discipline of 3D cell modeling is currently undergoing a surge of captivating developments that are enhancing the realism and utility of tissue simulations. Using bioinks which represent cells, scaffolds, and growth factors scientists can construct intricate tissue architectures layer by layer using innovations like 3D bioprinting. Drug testing can be accelerated and organ functions more precisely replicated owing to the precise control that microfluidic technologies and organ-on-chip devices offer over the cellular environment. Tissue engineering is becoming more dynamic with materials that can modify their surroundings with the advent of hydrogels and smart biomaterials. Advances in spheroids and organoids are not only bringing us towards more effective and customized therapies, but they are also improving their ability to resemble actual human tissues. Confocal and two-photon microscopy are examples of advanced imaging methods that provide precise images of the functioning and interaction of cells. Artificial Intelligence models have applications for enhanced scaffold designs and for predicting the response of tissues to medications. Furthermore, via strengthening predictive models, optimizing data analysis, and simplifying 3D cell culture design, artificial intelligence is revolutionizing this field. When combined, these technologies are improving our ability to conduct research and moving us toward more individualized and effective medical interventions.© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.