在临床实践中，可能会遇到一系列异位和异位脾脏疾病，如偶然的无症状检测或症状诊断。放射科医生需要了解这些情况及其影像学特征，以提供及时正确的诊断并避免误诊为肿瘤或淋巴结肿大。拥有关于脾脏胚胎发育的强大知识基础可以提高对这些病症的病理生理学基础的理解。脾脏特异性成像技术 - 例如锝 99m (99mTc) 标记的变性红细胞闪烁扫描、99mTc-硫胶体肝脾闪烁扫描以及使用费鲁莫托静脉造影剂的 MRI - 也可用于确认脾组织的存在或不存在。异位脾病包括脾和脾性腺融合（不连续或连续形式）。这些异位病症是由脾原基（脾）的不完全融合以及性腺和脾组织的异常融合（脾性腺融合）引起的。异位脾病发生于先前有脾损伤（脾病）、脾韧带松弛或发育不良（游走脾）或异位综合征（多脾症和无脾症）的患者。重要的是，这些异位和异位脾脏疾病也可能表现为并发症，包括血管扭转和破裂。 ©RSNA，2024。

A spectrum of heterotopic and ectopic splenic conditions may be encountered in clinical practice as incidental asymptomatic detection or symptomatic diagnosis. The radiologist needs to be aware of these conditions and their imaging characteristics to provide a prompt correct diagnosis and avoid misdiagnosis as neoplasm or lymphadenopathy. Having a strong knowledge base of the embryologic development of the spleen improves understanding of the pathophysiologic basis of these conditions. Spleen-specific imaging techniques-such as technetium 99m (99mTc)-labeled denatured erythrocyte scintigraphy, 99mTc-sulfur colloid liver-spleen scintigraphy, and MRI with ferumoxytol intravenous contrast material-can also be used to confirm the presence or absence of splenic tissue. Heterotopic splenic conditions include splenules and splenogonadal fusion (discontinuous or continuous forms). These heterotopic conditions are caused by incomplete fusion of the splenic primordia (splenule) and abnormal fusion of the gonadal and splenic tissue (splenogonadal fusion). Ectopic splenic conditions arise in patients with a prior splenic injury (splenosis), laxity or maldevelopment of the splenic ligaments (wandering spleen), or heterotaxy syndromes (polysplenia and asplenia). Importantly, these heterotopic and ectopic splenic conditions can also manifest with complications, including vascular torsion and rupture. ©RSNA, 2024.