从早期发生开始，肿瘤细胞就与周围的正常细胞整合，形成异常结构，通过血管、淋巴管甚至神经联系与宿主有机体紧密结合。利用这些联系，新出现的癌症会发出大量介质，有效扰乱整个有机体并诱导远处组织发生变化。这些扰动通过促进更有利的组织环境（生态位）来支持外来组织内播散的肿瘤细胞的持续存在，从而偶然地有利于早期转移的建立。由于早期转移微环境的建立是转移的关键限制步骤，因此创建更合适的预处理组织可以极大地提高转移成功率。在这篇综述中，我们提供了迄今为止描述的原发性肿瘤机制和介质的最新观点，这些机制和介质诱导远处器官的促转移调节，这有利于早期转移生态位的形成。我们反思了癌症引起的全身调节的本质，考虑到组织稳态的非癌症依赖性扰动也能够触发促转移调节。我们认为，需要对催化转移进展的过程有更全面的了解，以确定预防或治疗的机会。© 2024。Springer Nature Limited。

From their early genesis, tumour cells integrate with the surrounding normal cells to form an abnormal structure that is tightly integrated with the host organism via blood and lymphatic vessels and even neural associations. Using these connections, emerging cancers send a plethora of mediators that efficiently perturb the entire organism and induce changes in distant tissues. These perturbations serendipitously favour early metastatic establishment by promoting a more favourable tissue environment (niche) that supports the persistence of disseminated tumour cells within a foreign tissue. Because the establishment of early metastatic niches represents a key limiting step for metastasis, the creation of a more suitable pre-conditioned tissue strongly enhances metastatic success. In this Review, we provide an updated view of the mechanisms and mediators of primary tumours described so far that induce a pro-metastatic conditioning of distant organs, which favours early metastatic niche formation. We reflect on the nature of cancer-induced systemic conditioning, considering that non-cancer-dependent perturbations of tissue homeostasis are also able to trigger pro-metastatic conditioning. We argue that a more holistic view of the processes catalysing metastatic progression is needed to identify preventive or therapeutic opportunities.© 2024. Springer Nature Limited.