肠道微生物组和饮食纤维：肥胖，心脏代谢疾病和癌症的影响
The gut microbiome and dietary fibres: implications in obesity, cardiometabolic diseases and cancer
影响因子:103.30000
分区:生物学1区 Top / 微生物学1区
发表日期:2025 Apr
作者:
Nathalie M Delzenne, Laure B Bindels, Audrey M Neyrinck, Jens Walter
摘要
饮食纤维构成了一种非均质的营养素，这是预防各种慢性疾病的关键。大多数饮食纤维都被肠道微生物组发酵，因此可能会调节肠道微生物生态学和代谢，从而影响人类健康。饮食纤维可能会影响特定细菌分类群的发生，因此这种影响在个体之间有所不同。饮食纤维对微生物多样性的影响是争论的问题。在肥胖症和相关代谢性疾病的背景下，大多数对饮食纤维的干预研究表明，需要对微生物组进行准确评估，以更好地了解对饮食纤维的可变反应。流行病学研究证实，高饮食纤维摄入量与许多类型的癌症的发生密切相关。但是，有必要确定特定饮食纤维对癌症风险，治疗功效和毒性以及癌症cachexia的干预措施的影响。在这篇综述中，我们总结了肠道微生物组可以在肥胖，心脏代谢性疾病和癌症的背景下介导饮食纤维的生理益处的机制，它们的发病率与低饮食纤维摄入量明显相关。
Abstract
Dietary fibres constitute a heterogeneous class of nutrients that are key in the prevention of various chronic diseases. Most dietary fibres are fermented by the gut microbiome and may, thereby, modulate the gut microbial ecology and metabolism, impacting human health. Dietary fibres may influence the occurrence of specific bacterial taxa, with this effect varying between individuals. The effect of dietary fibres on microbial diversity is a matter of debate. Most intervention studies with dietary fibres in the context of obesity and related metabolic disorders reveal the need for an accurate assessment of the microbiome to better understand the variable response to dietary fibres. Epidemiological studies confirm that a high dietary fibre intake is strongly associated with a reduced occurrence of many types of cancer. However, there is a need to determine the impact of intervention with specific dietary fibres on cancer risk, therapy efficacy and toxicity, as well as in cancer cachexia. In this Review, we summarize the mechanisms by which the gut microbiome can mediate the physiological benefits of dietary fibres in the contexts of obesity, cardiometabolic diseases and cancer, their incidence being clearly linked to low dietary fibre intake.