肠道微生物组与膳食纤维：在肥胖、心血管代谢疾病和癌症中的意义
The gut microbiome and dietary fibres: implications in obesity, cardiometabolic diseases and cancer
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影响因子:103.3
分区:生物学1区 Top / 微生物学1区
发表日期:2025 Apr
作者:
Nathalie M Delzenne, Laure B Bindels, Audrey M Neyrinck, Jens Walter
DOI:
10.1038/s41579-024-01108-z
摘要
膳食纤维是一类异质的营养素，对于预防各种慢性疾病具有关键作用。大多数膳食纤维被肠道微生物发酵，从而调节肠道微生物生态和代谢，影响人体健康。膳食纤维可能影响特定细菌类群的发生，这一效应因个体而异。关于膳食纤维对微生物多样性的影响仍存在争议。在肥胖及相关代谢障碍的干预研究中，大多需要对微生物群进行准确评估，以更好理解对膳食纤维反应的差异。流行病学研究证实，高膳食纤维摄入与多种癌症发生率降低密切相关。然而，仍需明确特定膳食纤维干预对癌症风险、治疗效果和毒性、以及癌症恶液质的影响。本文总结了肠道微生物组在肥胖、心血管代谢疾病和癌症背景下介导膳食纤维生理益处的机制，其发病率明显与低膳食纤维摄入相关。
Abstract
Dietary fibres constitute a heterogeneous class of nutrients that are key in the prevention of various chronic diseases. Most dietary fibres are fermented by the gut microbiome and may, thereby, modulate the gut microbial ecology and metabolism, impacting human health. Dietary fibres may influence the occurrence of specific bacterial taxa, with this effect varying between individuals. The effect of dietary fibres on microbial diversity is a matter of debate. Most intervention studies with dietary fibres in the context of obesity and related metabolic disorders reveal the need for an accurate assessment of the microbiome to better understand the variable response to dietary fibres. Epidemiological studies confirm that a high dietary fibre intake is strongly associated with a reduced occurrence of many types of cancer. However, there is a need to determine the impact of intervention with specific dietary fibres on cancer risk, therapy efficacy and toxicity, as well as in cancer cachexia. In this Review, we summarize the mechanisms by which the gut microbiome can mediate the physiological benefits of dietary fibres in the contexts of obesity, cardiometabolic diseases and cancer, their incidence being clearly linked to low dietary fibre intake.