非编码小RNA作为妇科肿瘤的诊断、预后和预测生物标志物：最新进展
Small non-coding RNAs as diagnostic, prognostic and predictive biomarkers of gynecological cancers: an update
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影响因子:3.6
分区:医学3区 / 病理学3区
发表日期:2024 Nov
作者:
Marios A Diamantopoulos, Panagiotis G Adamopoulos, Andreas Scorilas
DOI:
10.1080/14737159.2024.2408740
摘要
非编码RNA（ncRNAs）包括一类异质性RNA分子。新兴证据表明，它们在肿瘤发生的多个方面发挥作用，尤其是在妇科恶性肿瘤中。值得注意的是，ncRNAs已被认为是肿瘤信号通路中的介导者，主要通过与RNA或蛋白质的相互作用发挥影响。这些发现进一步强调了ncRNAs作为治疗靶点的假设，并指出其在临床分层生物标志物中的潜在价值。本文综述了包括miRNAs、tRNA衍生的小RNA、PIWI相互作用RNA和环状RNA在内的小ncRNA在妇科肿瘤中的诊断、预后和预测中的应用，旨在增强对其在肿瘤生物学中的功能及其临床转化的认识。通过跨学科合作，科学家们可以解开小ncRNA作为妇科肿瘤诊断、预后和预测生物标志物的谜题。将基于小ncRNA的检测方法融入临床实践，将帮助医生为每位患者制定个性化治疗方案，减少不良反应的可能性。然而，标准化实验方法和优化诊断检测手段等挑战亟需解决，以推动妇科肿瘤中小ncRNA研究的进一步发展。
Abstract
Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) comprise a heterogeneous cluster of RNA molecules. Emerging evidence suggests their involvement in various aspects of tumorigenesis, particularly in gynecological malignancies. Notably, ncRNAs have been implicated as mediators within tumor signaling pathways, exerting their influence through interactions with RNA or proteins. These findings further highlight the hypothesis that ncRNAs constitute therapeutic targets and point out their clinical potential as stratification biomarkers.The review outlines the use of small ncRNAs, including miRNAs, tRNA-derived small RNAs, PIWI-interacting RNAs and circular RNAs, for diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive purposes in gynecological cancers. It aims to increase our knowledge of their functions in tumor biology and their translation into clinical practice.By leveraging interdisciplinary collaborations, scientists can decipher the riddle of small ncRNA biomarkers as diagnostic, prognostic and predictive biomarkers of gynecological tumors. Integrating small ncRNA-based assays into clinical practice will allow clinicians to provide cure plans for each patient, reducing the likelihood of adverse responses. Nevertheless, addressing challenges such as standardizing experimental methodologies and refining diagnostic assays is imperative for advancing small ncRNA research in gynecological cancer.