非编码 RNA (ncRNA) 包含异质 RNA 分子簇。新的证据表明它们参与肿瘤发生的各个方面，特别是妇科恶性肿瘤。值得注意的是，ncRNA 被认为是肿瘤信号通路中的介质，通过与 RNA 或蛋白质的相互作用发挥其影响。这些发现进一步强调了 ncRNA 构成治疗靶点的假设，并指出了它们作为分层生物标志物的临床潜力。该综述概述了小 ncRNA（包括 miRNA、tRNA 衍生的小 RNA、PIWI 相互作用 RNA 和环状 RNA）在诊断、妇科癌症的预后和预测目的。它旨在增加我们对它们在肿瘤生物学中的功能及其转化为临床实践的了解。通过利用跨学科合作，科学家们可以解开小型 ncRNA 生物标志物作为妇科肿瘤的诊断、预后和预测生物标志物的谜团。将基于小型 ncRNA 的检测整合到临床实践中将使临床医生能够为每位患者提供治疗计划，从而减少不良反应的可能性。然而，解决实验方法标准化和改进诊断检测等挑战对于推进妇科癌症小 ncRNA 研究至关重要。

Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) comprise a heterogeneous cluster of RNA molecules. Emerging evidence suggests their involvement in various aspects of tumorigenesis, particularly in gynecological malignancies. Notably, ncRNAs have been implicated as mediators within tumor signaling pathways, exerting their influence through interactions with RNA or proteins. These findings further highlight the hypothesis that ncRNAs constitute therapeutic targets and point out their clinical potential as stratification biomarkers.The review outlines the use of small ncRNAs, including miRNAs, tRNA-derived small RNAs, PIWI-interacting RNAs and circular RNAs, for diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive purposes in gynecological cancers. It aims to increase our knowledge of their functions in tumor biology and their translation into clinical practice.By leveraging interdisciplinary collaborations, scientists can decipher the riddle of small ncRNA biomarkers as diagnostic, prognostic and predictive biomarkers of gynecological tumors. Integrating small ncRNA-based assays into clinical practice will allow clinicians to provide cure plans for each patient, reducing the likelihood of adverse responses. Nevertheless, addressing challenges such as standardizing experimental methodologies and refining diagnostic assays is imperative for advancing small ncRNA research in gynecological cancer.