哺乳动物适应性（即 B 细胞和 T 细胞介导的）免疫反应的发展在转录、表观遗传和代谢水平上受到严格控制。来自细胞外环境的信号是适应性免疫的重要调节因子。除了传统研究的细胞因子和趋化因子之外，许多其他细胞外代谢物可以与专门的受体结合并调节 T 和 B 细胞免疫反应。这些分子通常通过质膜转运蛋白的主动输出在细胞外积累。例如，哺乳动物免疫和非免疫细胞在质膜上表达 pannexin (PANX)1-3 通道，释放许多不同的小分子，特别是细胞内 ATP。在此，我们回顾了新发现，将 PANX 定义为癌症或病毒感染等疾病背景下 T 和 B 细胞免疫反应的关键调节因子。版权所有 © 2024 Elsevier Ltd。保留所有权利。

The development of mammalian adaptive (i.e., B and T cell-mediated) immune responses is tightly controlled at transcriptional, epigenetic, and metabolic levels. Signals derived from the extracellular milieu are crucial regulators of adaptive immunity. Beyond the traditionally studied cytokines and chemokines, many other extracellular metabolites can bind to specialized receptors and regulate T and B cell immune responses. These molecules often accumulate extracellularly through active export by plasma membrane transporters. For example, mammalian immune and non-immune cells express pannexin (PANX)1-3 channels on the plasma membrane, which release many distinct small molecules, notably intracellular ATP. Here, we review novel findings defining PANXs as crucial regulators of T and B cell immune responses in disease contexts such as cancer or viral infections.Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.