逆转录转座子是自复制的基因组元素，通过涉及RNA中间体的“复制粘贴”方法从一个基因组位置移动到另一个基因组位置。引起了广泛关注的与与年龄相关疾病和抗衰老干预有关的逆转录转座子家族之一是短间隔核元件（SINEs）。本综述总结了关于SINEs在衰老过程和治疗中的作用的当前知识。为强调SINEs在与衰老相关疾病中的重要研究，我们首先通过概述分类和机制上的有力证据来突出年龄相关现象的潜在影响。探讨了SINEs与疾病如神经退行性疾病、心力衰竭、高血压、动脉粥样硬化、2型糖尿病、骨质疏松、视觉系统功能障碍和癌症等之间错综复杂的关系，强调了它们在各种与年龄相关疾病中的作用。最近关于以SINE为靶点治疗的抗衰老潜力进行的研究被审查，特别关注了SINE反义RNA如何在细胞和分子水平上减轻与年龄相关的改变，提供了有关潜在治疗靶点的见解，以处理年龄相关的病理。本综述旨在汇编有关SINE逆转录转座子在与年龄相关疾病和抗衰老干预中多方面作用的最新进展，为促进健康衰老提供了有价值的洞见。Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. 版权所有.

Retrotransposons are self-replicating genomic elements that move from one genomic location to another using a "copy-and-paste" method involving RNA intermediaries. One family of retrotransposon that has garnered considerable attention for its association with age-related diseases and anti-aging interventions is the short interspersed nuclear elements (SINEs). This review summarizes current knowledge on the roles of SINEs in aging processes and therapies. To underscore the significant research on the involvement of SINEs in aging-related diseases, we commence by outlining compelling evidence on the classification and mechanism, highlighting implications in age-related phenomena. The intricate relationship between SINEs and diseases such as neurodegenerative disorders, heart failure, high blood pressure, atherosclerosis, type 2 diabetes mellitus, osteoporosis, visual system dysfunctions, and cancer is explored, emphasizing their roles in various age-related diseases. Recent investigations into the anti-aging potential of SINE-targeted treatments are examined, with particular attention to how SINE antisense RNA mitigate age-related alterations at the cellular and molecular levels, offering insights into potential therapeutic targets for age-related pathologies. This review aims to compile the most recent advances on the multifaceted roles of SINE retrotransposons in age-related diseases and anti-aging interventions, providing valuable insights into underlying mechanisms and therapeutic avenues for promoting healthy aging.Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.