DNA损伤反应和新抗原：三阴性乳腺癌免疫疗法和疫苗发育的有利靶标

三阴性乳腺癌（TNBC）由于其侵略性和有限的治疗选择而构成了重大的临床挑战。 DNA损伤反应（DDR）机制与新抗原的出现之间的相互作用是开发目标免疫治疗策略和TNBC疫苗的有希望的途径。 DDR是一个复杂的细胞机制网络，旨在维持基因组完整性。在TNBC中，遗传不稳定性是标志性的，DDR成分的失调在肿瘤发生和进展中起关键作用。这篇评论探讨了DDR和新抗原之间的复杂关系，阐明了TNBC细胞的潜在脆弱性。由癌细胞中的体细胞突变引起的新抗原代表了可以通过免疫系统识别的独特抗原。 TNBC对基因组不稳定性的倾向会导致突变负担增加，因此产生了丰富的新抗原曲目。 TNBC中DDR和新抗原的收敛为免疫治疗靶向提供了独特的机会。免疫疗法通过利用免疫系统选择性靶向癌细胞，彻底改变了癌症治疗。 DDR相关的新抗原在TNBC中赋予的独特免疫原性将它们定位为免疫治疗干预措施的理想目标。这篇综述还探讨了各种免疫治疗方法，包括免疫检查点抑制剂（ICIS），收养细胞疗法和癌症疫苗，这些方法利用了DDR和Neoantigen相互作用来增强抗肿瘤免疫反应。此外，开发针对DDR相关的新抗原的疫苗的潜力开发了针对TNBC的预防和治疗策略的新领域。针对TNBC的个体突变景观量身定制的疫苗的合理设计对精确医学方法有希望。总之，TNBC中DDR和新抗原的收敛性为开发创新的免疫疗法和疫苗提供了令人信服的理由。了解和定位这些相互联系的过程可能为个性化和有效的干预措施铺平了道路，为应对TNBC所面临的挑战的患者提供了新的希望。

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) poses a significant clinical challenge due to its aggressive nature and limited therapeutic options. The interplay between DNA damage response (DDR) mechanisms and the emergence of neoantigens represents a promising avenue for developing targeted immunotherapeutic strategies and vaccines for TNBC. The DDR is a complex network of cellular mechanisms designed to maintain genomic integrity. In TNBC, where genetic instability is a hallmark, dysregulation of DDR components plays a pivotal role in tumorigenesis and progression. This review explores the intricate relationship between DDR and neoantigens, shedding light on the potential vulnerabilities of TNBC cells. Neoantigens, arising from somatic mutations in cancer cells, represent unique antigens that can be recognized by the immune system. TNBC's propensity for genomic instability leads to an increased mutational burden, consequently yielding a rich repertoire of neoantigens. The convergence of DDR and neoantigens in TNBC offers a distinctive opportunity for immunotherapeutic targeting. Immunotherapy has revolutionized cancer treatment by harnessing the immune system to selectively target cancer cells. The unique immunogenicity conferred by DDR-related neoantigens in TNBC positions them as ideal targets for immunotherapeutic interventions. This review also explores various immunotherapeutic modalities, including immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), adoptive cell therapies, and cancer vaccines, that leverage the DDR and neoantigen interplay to enhance anti-tumor immune responses. Moreover, the potential for developing vaccines targeting DDR-related neoantigens opens new frontiers in preventive and therapeutic strategies for TNBC. The rational design of vaccines tailored to the individual mutational landscape of TNBC holds promise for precision medicine approaches. In conclusion, the convergence of DDR and neoantigens in TNBC presents a compelling rationale for the development of innovative immunotherapies and vaccines. Understanding and targeting these interconnected processes may pave the way for personalized and effective interventions, offering new hope for patients grappling with the challenges posed by TNBCs.