背景：甲状腺超声检查（TUE）是福岛健康管理调查（FHMS）的一部分，在福岛第一核电站事故发生后，出于对居民甲状腺癌发病率增加的担忧，开始监测居民的健康状况。切尔诺贝利核电站事故后观察到的儿童。本研究报告了通过 FHMS 诊断并在福岛医科大学医院接受治疗的甲状腺癌患者的临床病理特征。方法：在这项描述性研究中收集并评估了有关甲状腺癌患者临床病理特征的数据。结果：截至 2021 年 9 月，在 263 名诊断为甲状腺癌的患者中，220 名细胞学诊断为甲状腺癌的患者作为 FHMS 转诊进行治疗。诊断时的中位年龄（四分位距）为 18.6（16.2-20.3）岁。中位最大肿瘤直径为 13.0 (10.4-18.0) mm。为了减少手术侵入性，199 名患者（90.1%）接受了单侧肺叶切除术。 216 名 (98.2%) 患者的病理结果提示甲状腺乳头状癌 (PTC)；其中，205名患者患有经典型PTC。此外，216 名（98.2%）患者患有 I 期疾病。分别有 112 例 (50.9%) 和 123 例 (55.9%) 患者观察到癌细胞在胸甲肌或甲状旁软组织中扩散，以及显微镜下淋巴管侵犯。两个年龄组（<18.6 岁和≥18.6 岁）之间在甲状腺癌的临床或病理特征：风险分类（p = 0.69）和美国甲状腺协会儿科风险水平（p = 0.24）方面没有观察到差异。与以往报道相比，手术并发症较少。结论：诊断为 TUE 的甲状腺癌患者接受了安全、微创的手术，并进行了仔细的术后随访。检出的甲状腺癌的病理结果表明，大多数为经典乳头状癌，约一半患者有甲状腺外或淋巴管侵犯。两个年龄组之间甲状腺癌的临床或病理特征没有差异。

Background: Thyroid ultrasound examinations (TUEs), conducted as part of the Fukushima Health Management Survey (FHMS), were initiated to monitor the health status of residents after the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident owing to concerns regarding the increased incidence of thyroid cancer among children, as observed after the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant accident. This study reported the clinicopathological characteristics of patients with thyroid cancer diagnosed through the FHMS and treated at the Fukushima Medical University Hospital. Methods: Data regarding the clinicopathological characteristics of patients with thyroid cancer were collected and evaluated in this descriptive study. Results: Among the 263 patients diagnosed with thyroid cancer as of September 2021, 220 patients with cytologically diagnosed thyroid cancer were treated as referrals from the FHMS. The median (interquartile range) age at the time of diagnosis was 18.6 (16.2-20.3) years. The median maximum tumor diameter was 13.0 (10.4-18.0) mm. To reduce surgical invasiveness, 199 patients (90.1%) underwent unilateral lobectomy. Pathological findings were suggestive of papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTC) in 216 (98.2%) patients; among them, 205 patients had PTC of the classical type. In addition, 216 (98.2%) patients had stage I disease. Cancer cell extension in the sternothyroid muscle or perithyroidal soft tissues and microscopic lymphovascular invasion were observed in 112 (50.9%) and 123 (55.9%) patients, respectively. No differences were observed between the two age groups (<18.6 years and ≥18.6 years) in terms of the clinical or pathological characteristics of thyroid cancer: risk classification (p = 0.69) and American Thyroid Association pediatric risk level (p = 0.24). Compared with those from previous reports, few surgical complications were observed. Conclusions: Patients with thyroid cancer diagnosed with TUEs underwent safe and minimally invasive operations, and careful postoperative follow-up was provided. The pathological findings of the detected thyroid cancers indicated that the majority were classical papillary carcinomas, and approximately half of the patients had extrathyroidal or lymphovascular invasion. No differences were observed between the two age groups in terms of the clinical or pathological characteristics of thyroid cancer.