卵巢癌通常被称为“沉默的杀手”，在早期阶段很难被发现，导致许多患者预后不良。诊断常常被推迟到癌症进展为止，这主要是由于其不明确且频繁出现的临床症状。卵巢癌导致的死亡人数比女性生殖系统的任何其他癌症都要多。高死亡率的主要原因包括诊断延迟和治疗耐药。因此，迫切需要改进卵巢癌的诊断和治疗方案。标准治疗通常包括减瘤手术和铂类化疗。在最初对当前疗法有反应的晚期癌症患者中，50-75% 的患者会出现复发。最近，基于免疫疗法的增强人体免疫反应以对抗肿瘤生长的方法已显示出希望。免疫检查点抑制剂在治疗其他类型的肿瘤方面已显示出有希望的结果。然而，在卵巢癌中，这些抑制剂中只有少数是有效的，因为肿瘤的环境会抑制免疫系统并造成治疗障碍。这阻碍了现有免疫疗法的有效性。尽管如此，基于纳米技术的先进免疫治疗技术和递送系统有望克服这些挑战。© 2024。作者。

Ovarian cancer, often referred to as the "silent killer," is notoriously difficult to detect in its early stages, leading to a poor prognosis for many patients. Diagnosis is often delayed until the cancer has advanced, primarily due to its ambiguous and frequently occurring clinical symptoms. Ovarian cancer leads to more deaths than any other cancer of the female reproductive system. The main reasons for the high mortality rates include delayed diagnosis and resistance to treatment. As a result, there is an urgent need for improved diagnostic and treatment options for ovarian cancer. The standard treatments typically involve debulking surgery along with platinum-based chemotherapies. Among patients with advanced-stage cancer who initially respond to current therapies, 50-75% experience a recurrence. Recently, immunotherapy-based approaches to enhance the body's immune response to combat tumor growth have shown promise. Immune checkpoint inhibitors have shown promising results in treating other types of tumors. However, in ovarian cancer, only a few of these inhibitors have been effective because the tumor's environment suppresses the immune system and creates barriers for treatment. This hampers the effectiveness of existing immunotherapies. Nonetheless, advanced immunotherapy techniques and delivery systems based on nanotechnology hold promise for overcoming these challenges.© 2024. The Author(s).