用于增强卵巢癌免疫疗法的纳米技术
Nanotechnology for boosting ovarian cancer immunotherapy
影响因子:4.20000
分区:医学2区 / 生殖生物学2区
发表日期:2024 Oct 14
作者:
Prabhjot Kaur, Santosh Kumar Singh, Manoj K Mishra, Shailesh Singh, Rajesh Singh
摘要
众所周知，卵巢癌通常被称为“沉默杀手”，在早期阶段很难发现，导致许多患者的预后不良。诊断通常会延迟到癌症促进，这主要是由于其模棱两可且经常发生的临床症状。卵巢癌导致的死亡人数比任何其他女性生殖系统的癌症都要多。高死亡率率的主要原因包括延迟诊断和对治疗的抵抗力。结果，迫切需要改善卵巢癌的诊断和治疗选择。标准治疗通常涉及降低手术以及基于铂的化学疗法。在最初对当前疗法反应的晚期癌症患者中，有50-75％的患者经历了复发。最近，基于免疫疗法增强人体对战斗肿瘤生长的免疫反应的方法已显示出希望。免疫检查点抑制剂在治疗其他类型的肿瘤方面表现出了有希望的结果。但是，在卵巢癌中，只有少数抑制剂是有效的，因为肿瘤的环境抑制了免疫系统并为治疗造成障碍。这阻碍了现有的免疫疗法的有效性。尽管如此，基于纳米技术的先进免疫疗法技术和输送系统仍然有望克服这些挑战。
Abstract
Ovarian cancer, often referred to as the "silent killer," is notoriously difficult to detect in its early stages, leading to a poor prognosis for many patients. Diagnosis is often delayed until the cancer has advanced, primarily due to its ambiguous and frequently occurring clinical symptoms. Ovarian cancer leads to more deaths than any other cancer of the female reproductive system. The main reasons for the high mortality rates include delayed diagnosis and resistance to treatment. As a result, there is an urgent need for improved diagnostic and treatment options for ovarian cancer. The standard treatments typically involve debulking surgery along with platinum-based chemotherapies. Among patients with advanced-stage cancer who initially respond to current therapies, 50-75% experience a recurrence. Recently, immunotherapy-based approaches to enhance the body's immune response to combat tumor growth have shown promise. Immune checkpoint inhibitors have shown promising results in treating other types of tumors. However, in ovarian cancer, only a few of these inhibitors have been effective because the tumor's environment suppresses the immune system and creates barriers for treatment. This hampers the effectiveness of existing immunotherapies. Nonetheless, advanced immunotherapy techniques and delivery systems based on nanotechnology hold promise for overcoming these challenges.