纳米技术在增强卵巢癌免疫治疗中的应用
Nanotechnology for boosting ovarian cancer immunotherapy
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影响因子:4.2
分区:医学2区 / 生殖生物学2区
发表日期:2024 Oct 14
作者:
Prabhjot Kaur, Santosh Kumar Singh, Manoj K Mishra, Shailesh Singh, Rajesh Singh
DOI:
10.1186/s13048-024-01507-z
摘要
卵巢癌，常被称为“沉默的杀手”，在早期难以检测，导致许多患者预后不良。由于其临床症状模糊且多发，诊断常延迟至癌症已进展阶段。卵巢癌是女性生殖系统中死亡率最高的癌症之一。高死亡率的主要原因包括诊断延迟和耐药性。因此，亟需改善卵巢癌的诊断和治疗手段。标准治疗通常包括减瘤手术和铂类化疗。在对初期反应良好的晚期患者中，复发率为50-75%。近年来，利用免疫治疗增强免疫反应以对抗肿瘤生长的策略显示出希望。免疫检查点抑制剂在其他肿瘤中的应用已取得一定成效，但在卵巢癌中效果有限，原因在于肿瘤微环境抑制免疫系统，阻碍治疗效果。这些障碍限制了现有免疫疗法的应用。不过，基于纳米技术的先进免疫治疗技术和递送系统被认为具有克服这些挑战的潜力。
Abstract
Ovarian cancer, often referred to as the "silent killer," is notoriously difficult to detect in its early stages, leading to a poor prognosis for many patients. Diagnosis is often delayed until the cancer has advanced, primarily due to its ambiguous and frequently occurring clinical symptoms. Ovarian cancer leads to more deaths than any other cancer of the female reproductive system. The main reasons for the high mortality rates include delayed diagnosis and resistance to treatment. As a result, there is an urgent need for improved diagnostic and treatment options for ovarian cancer. The standard treatments typically involve debulking surgery along with platinum-based chemotherapies. Among patients with advanced-stage cancer who initially respond to current therapies, 50-75% experience a recurrence. Recently, immunotherapy-based approaches to enhance the body's immune response to combat tumor growth have shown promise. Immune checkpoint inhibitors have shown promising results in treating other types of tumors. However, in ovarian cancer, only a few of these inhibitors have been effective because the tumor's environment suppresses the immune system and creates barriers for treatment. This hampers the effectiveness of existing immunotherapies. Nonetheless, advanced immunotherapy techniques and delivery systems based on nanotechnology hold promise for overcoming these challenges.