肝结核（HTB）是一种罕见的肺外结核，临床上与肝脏恶性肿瘤相似，因此很难正确诊断。病理学是结核病诊断的金标准。但有关HTB病理特征的报道较少。共纳入32例HTB病例，分析其病理特征和耐药性的差异，并与肺结核（PTB）进行比较。增强CT扫描显示动脉期、静脉期、延迟期呈环状延迟强化。 HTB病例多为单病灶，右叶发病率最高，平均病灶体积较PTB小。 HTB组病理改变中肉芽肿出现的频率、占病变面积的总体比例以及foxp3细胞的数量均显着高于PTB组。然而，两组的其他病理特征和免疫细胞数量之间没有观察到统计学上的显着差异。进一步分析病灶周围正常组织的免疫微环境。研究结果显示，HTB组的巨噬细胞和foxp3细胞数量显着高于PTB组。 HTB 组和 PTB 组之间的耐药性没有显着差异。总之，HTB和PTB在病理特征和免疫微环境的表征上存在显着差异。与 PTB 相比，HTB 中肉芽肿的发生频率和随后的病变区域总体比例显着更高。版权所有 © 2024 Niu、Wu、Pan、Ge、Chen 和 Liu。

Hepatic tuberculosis (HTB) is rare extrapulmonary tuberculosis that is clinically similar to liver malignancy, making it difficult for correct diagnoses. Pathology is the gold standard for tuberculosis diagnosis. However, there are few reports on the pathological features of HTB. A total of 32 HTB cases were considered and the differences in pathological features and drug resistance were analyzed and compared with those for pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB). Enhanced CT scans showed ring-shaped delayed enhancement during the arterial, venous, and delayed phases. Most HTB cases were single lesions, with the highest incidence in the right lobe, and the average lesion volume was smaller than that of PTB. The frequency of granuloma in pathological changes, the overall share of the lesion area in the HTB group, and the number of foxp3+ cells were significantly higher than in the PTB group. However, no statistically significant differences were observed between the two groups' other pathological features and immune cell numbers. The immune microenvironment of the normal tissues surrounding the lesion was further analyzed. The findings showed that the number of macrophages and foxp3+ cells in the HTB group was significantly higher than in the PTB group. No significant difference in drug resistance was detected between the HTB and PTB groups. In conclusion, there are substantial differences in the characterization of pathological feature and immune microenvironment between HTB and PTB. The frequency of granuloma and subsequent overall share of the lesion area was significantly higher in HTB compared to PTB.Copyright © 2024 Niu, Wu, Pan, Ge, Chen and Liu.