在本文中，我们回顾了最近关于可切除食管癌和肺癌的前瞻性外科研究。使用术语“可切除食管癌”、“多模式治疗”和“可切除非小细胞肺癌”进行了叙述性文献综述。确定并分析了 2010 年至 2023 年进行的前瞻性手术试验。向 gov 询问正在进行的研究。有关食管癌的研究证明了新辅助放化疗与单独手术相比的益处，以及免疫疗法作为诱导和辅助治疗一部分的新兴作用协议。选定的肺癌研究证明了亚肺叶切除术对于外周淋巴结阴性临床 IA1 期疾病患者的不断发展的作用，以及新辅助和辅助免疫治疗对于 II-IIIA 期疾病患者的发展作用。可切除食管患者的治疗方法或肺癌正在发生变化。人们越来越多地致力于在手术前限制患者发病率和优化肿瘤治疗，并且随着肿瘤生物学和长期药理学作用机制变得更加清晰，这些方法可能会继续发展。基于肿瘤特征和宿主基因谱的个性化医疗策略仍处于发展阶段，尚未准备好在常规临床实践中采用。© 2024。外科肿瘤学会。

In this paper, we review recent prospective surgical studies on resectable esophageal and lung cancer.A narrative literature review was performed using the terms 'resectable esophageal cancer' and 'multimodal therapy' and 'resectable non-small cell lung cancer'. Prospective surgical trials performed from 2010 to 2023 were identified and analyzed.gov was queried for ongoing studies.The studies on esophageal cancer demonstrate the benefits of neoadjuvant chemoradiation, compared with surgery alone, and the emerging role of immunotherapy as part of induction and adjuvant treatment protocols. The selected studies on lung cancer demonstrate the evolving role of sublobar resection for patients with peripheral node-negative clinical stage IA1 disease and the developing role of neoadjuvant and adjuvant immunotherapy for patients with stage II-IIIA disease.The methods of treating patients with resectable esophageal or lung cancer are changing. Efforts to limit patient morbidity and optimize tumor treatment before surgery are increasingly being pursued and these approaches will likely continue to evolve as tumor biology and long-term pharmacologic mechanisms of action become clearer. Personalized medicine strategies that are based on tumor characteristics and the host genetic profile remain on the horizon, not yet ready for adoption in routine clinical practice.© 2024. Society of Surgical Oncology.