肿瘤微环境代表了肿瘤学研究的新前沿。在过去的十年中，越来越多的证据强调了肿瘤微环境（TME）的重要性，包括肿瘤细胞、基质细胞、免疫细胞和各种分泌因子，它们共同影响肿瘤的生长、侵袭和对治疗药物的反应。 TME 内的免疫细胞现在被广泛认为在肿瘤发展和治疗中发挥着关键作用。虽然一些观点认为 TME 内的免疫细胞促进肿瘤进展并赋予对治疗干预的抵抗力，但也存在相反的结论。肯定和否定的结论似乎取决于具体情况，尚未达成统一共识。近年来，关于肠道微生物群与肿瘤之间关系的研究不断涌现，人们对肠道微生物群与肿瘤之间关系的认识也日益加深。大多数研究表明，肠道微生物群的特定成分，例如独特的细菌群落或特定的分泌因子，在调节 TME 内的免疫细胞方面发挥着不同的作用，从而影响癌症治疗的预后和结果。对这些因素的详细了解可以为 TME 和癌症治疗提供新的见解。在这项研究中，我们旨在综合 TME 内肠道微生物群与免疫细胞之间相互作用的信息，深入探索对未来癌症治疗的潜在指导意义。© 2024。作者。

The tumour microenvironment represents a novel frontier in oncological research. Over the past decade, accumulating evidence has underscored the importance of the tumour microenvironment (TME), including tumour cells, stromal cells, immune cells, and various secreted factors, which collectively influence tumour growth, invasion, and responses to therapeutic agents. Immune cells within the TME are now widely acknowledged to play pivotal roles in tumour development and treatment. While some perspectives have posited that immune cells within the TME facilitate tumour progression and confer resistance to therapeutic interventions, contrasting conclusions also exist. Affirmative and negative conclusions appear to be context dependent, and a unified consensus has yet to be reached. The burgeoning body of research on the relationship between the gut microbiota and tumours in recent years has led to a growing understanding. Most studies have indicated that specific components of the gut microbiota, such as unique bacterial communities or specific secretory factors, play diverse roles in regulating immune cells within the TME, thereby influencing the prognosis and outcomes of cancer treatments. A detailed understanding of these factors could provide novel insights into the TME and cancer therapy. In this study, we aimed to synthesise information on the interactions between the gut microbiota and immune cells within the TME, providing an in-depth exploration of the potential guiding implications for future cancer therapies.© 2024. The Author(s).