近年来，含放射性核素的纳米材料在癌症治疗中的应用受到广泛关注。纳米材料的多样性使研究人员能够选择性地将它们与适当的放射性核素结合起来用于生物医学目的，解决用于放射性核素标记的肽、小分子或抗体所面临的挑战。然而，优势也随之而来，挑战也随之而来，纳米放射性核素在临床转化过程中仍然遇到重大问题。本文综述了纳米放射性核素用于癌症治疗或诊断的最新进展。讨论从代表性放射性核素以及将它们纳入纳米材料结构的方法开始。随后，介绍了纳米材料和放射性核素的新组合及其应用，以展示其未来趋势。纳米放射性核素的好处包括优化的药代动力学特性、增强的疾病靶向功效以及与其他治疗技术的协同应用。此外，本节的基本规则是总结这些纳米放射性核素如何真正影响各种癌症类型的诊断和治疗。最后一部分重点介绍了目前应用于临床的纳米放射性核素以及如何根据我们的知识解决现有的问题和问题。© 2024 作者。 WIREs 纳米医学和纳米生物技术由 Wiley periodicals LLC 出版。

In recent years, the application of radionuclides-containing nanomaterials in cancer treatment has garnered widespread attention. The diversity of nanomaterials allows researchers to selectively combine them with appropriate radionuclides for biomedical purposes, addressing challenges faced by peptides, small molecules, or antibodies used for radionuclide labeling. However, with advantages come challenges, and nanoradionuclides still encounter significant issues during clinical translation. This review summarized the recent progress of nanosized radionuclides for cancer treatment or diagnosis. The discussion began with representative radionuclides and the methods of incorporating them into nanomaterial structures. Subsequently, new combinations of nanomaterials and radionuclides, along with their applications, were introduced to demonstrate their future trends. The benefits of nanoradionuclides included optimized pharmacokinetic properties, enhanced disease-targeting efficacy, and synergistic application with other treatment techniques. Besides, the basic rule of this section was to summarize how these nanoradionuclides can truly impact the diagnosis and therapy of various cancer types. In the last part, the focus was devoted to the nanoradionuclides currently applicable in clinics and how to address the existing issues and problems based on our knowledge.© 2024 The Author(s). WIREs Nanomedicine and Nanobiotechnology published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.