胸膜间皮瘤是一种罕见的恶性肿瘤，与石棉暴露相关，预后极差，5 年总生存率为 12%。结果可能根据诊断时的阶段和组织学亚型而有所不同。最近，利用双重检查点抑制剂方案和化疗与免疫肿瘤药物相结合的临床试验已经证明了结果的显着变化。在本文中，我们回顾了在临床实践中成功实施免疫疗法治疗这种疾病的研究，并重点介绍了正在进行的探索使用不同免疫疗法策略治疗胸膜间皮瘤的临床试验。我们还讨论了间皮瘤背景下基于免疫治疗的方法所面临的挑战以及目前正在研究的克服这些挑战的未来策略。

Pleural mesothelioma is a rare malignancy associated with asbestos exposure and very poor prognosis, with a 5-year overall survival of 12%. Outcomes may vary according to stage at time of diagnosis and histologic subtype. Most recently, clinical trials utilizing dual checkpoint inhibitor regimens and chemotherapy in combination with immune oncologic agents have demonstrated impactful changes in outcomes. In this article, we review studies that have led to the successful implementation of immunotherapy in clinical practice for the treatment of this disease and highlight ongoing clinical trials exploring the use of different immunotherapy strategies for the treatment of pleural mesothelioma. We also discuss the challenges of immunotherapy-based approaches in the context of mesothelioma and future strategies currently being investigated to overcome them.