近距离放射治疗为各种肿瘤疾病的放射治疗提供了一种高度适形和适应性的方法。本综述探讨了个性化近距离放射治疗的基本原理、应用、技术进步和未来方向。先进成像技术、3D 打印施用器和人工智能的集成正在迅速提高近距离放射治疗的实施和效率，而基因组测试和分子生物标志物正在改进患者和剂量选择。将近距离放射治疗与免疫疗法相结合的新兴研究提供了独特的协同潜力，而调强和屏蔽近距离放射治疗施用器等技术为进一步优化剂量分布提供了新的机会。尽管取得了这些有希望的进展，该领域仍面临挑战，包括需要培训更多的从业人员并开发新的方法来治疗更广泛的恶性肿瘤。随着个性化医疗的发展，近距离放射治疗能够提供高度针对性、个性化的治疗，这使其成为未来癌症治疗的关键组成部分。

Brachytherapy offers a highly conformal and adaptive approach to radiation therapy for various oncologic conditions. This review explores the rationale, applications, technological advances, and future directions of personalized brachytherapy. Integration of advanced imaging techniques, 3D-printed applicators, and artificial intelligence are rapidly enhancing brachytherapy delivery and efficiency, while genomic tests and molecular biomarkers are refining patient and dose selection. Emerging research on combining brachytherapy with immunotherapy offers unique synergistic potential, and technologies such as intensity-modulated and shielded brachytherapy applicators present novel opportunities to further optimize dose distributions. Despite these promising advances, the field faces challenges including a need to train more practitioners and develop new approaches to treating a broader range of malignancies. As personalized medicine evolves, brachytherapy's ability to deliver highly targeted, individualized treatments positions it as a critical component in future cancer care.