上胃肠道微生物群是一个动态实体，参与消化、维生素生产和抵抗病原体等众多过程。许多外部和内部因素可能会导致微生物群落内细菌比例的变化，称为“生态失调”。其中许多已被确定为一系列疾病的危险因素，包括食管胃癌。进行了一项叙述性回顾，以阐明微生物组在促进食管胃癌发生中的作用的当前证据。研究人员对年龄、药物和 GORD 等生态失调的重要原因进行了检查，并描述了与肿瘤发生相关的关键促炎症途径及其与微生物组的相互作用。炎症途径、炎症小体和先天免疫系统。测序技术的进步允许通过对 16S rRNA 基因进行测序来对微生物群落进行指纹识别，从而能够更深入地了解可能与肿瘤发生有关的属。更好地了解微生物群对食管胃肿瘤发生的影响可能会取得进展旨在早期发现恶性肿瘤并开发新型全身疗法，从而提高生存率。

The upper gastrointestinal microbiome is a dynamic entity that is involved in numerous processes including digestion, production of vitamins and protection against pathogens. Many external and intrinsic factors may cause changes in the proportions of bacteria within the microbial community, termed 'dysbiosis'. A number of these have been identified as risk factors for a range of diseases, including oesophago-gastric carcinoma.A narrative review was conducted to elucidate the current evidence on the role of the microbiome in promoting oesophago-gastric tumourigenesis. Significant causes of dysbiosis including age, medications and GORD were examined and key pro-inflammatory pathways implicated in tumourigenesis and their interaction with the microbiome were described.An association between microbial dysbiosis and development of oesophago-gastric cancer may be mediated via activation of pro-inflammatory pathways, the inflammasome and the innate immune system. Advances in sequencing technology allow microbial communities to be fingerprinted by sequencing the 16S rRNA gene, enabling a deeper understanding of the genera that may be implicated in driving tumourigenesis.Developing a greater understanding of the influence of the microbiota on oesophago-gastric tumourigenesis may enable advances to be made in the early detection of malignancy and in the development of novel systemic therapies, leading to improved rates of survival.