肝脏协调 500 多种生化过程，对于维持体内平衡、解毒和新陈代谢至关重要。它的特殊细胞排列在六角形小叶中，使其能够充当高效的代谢引擎。然而，肝硬化、脂肪肝和肝炎等疾病给全球健康带来了重大挑战。传统药物开发成本高昂，而且在预测人类反应方面往往无效，这激发了人们对利用 3D 生物打印和微流体的先进体外肝脏模型的兴趣。这些模型致力于模仿肝脏复杂的微环境，改善药物筛选和疾病研究。尽管肝脏具有很强的恢复能力，但它很容易受到慢性疾病、损伤和癌症的影响，每年导致数百万人死亡。器官短缺阻碍了肝移植，凸显了替代治疗的必要性。采用聚合物支架和 3D 生物打印的组织工程显示出了前景。本综述探讨了这些创新策略，包括肝脏类器官和肝脏组织芯片技术，以应对肝脏疾病的挑战。© 作者 2024。

The liver coordinates over 500 biochemical processes crucial for maintaining homeostasis, detoxification, and metabolism. Its specialized cells, arranged in hexagonal lobules, enable it to function as a highly efficient metabolic engine. However, diseases such as cirrhosis, fatty liver disease, and hepatitis present significant global health challenges. Traditional drug development is expensive and often ineffective at predicting human responses, driving interest in advanced in vitro liver models utilizing 3D bioprinting and microfluidics. These models strive to mimic the liver's complex microenvironment, improving drug screening and disease research. Despite its resilience, the liver is vulnerable to chronic illnesses, injuries, and cancers, leading to millions of deaths annually. Organ shortages hinder liver transplantation, highlighting the need for alternative treatments. Tissue engineering, employing polymer-based scaffolds and 3D bioprinting, shows promise. This review examines these innovative strategies, including liver organoids and liver tissue-on-chip technologies, to address the challenges of liver diseases.© The Author(s) 2024.