microRNA (miRNA) 内的单核苷酸多态性 (SNP) 及其靶结合位点可以影响 miRNA 的生物合成和靶标调控，从而参与多种疾病和生物过程。目前的 miRNA 相关 SNP 数据库通常仅限于物种或基于过时的数据。因此，我们通过更新数据、将物种从智人扩展到 17 个物种并引入一些新功能，将 miRNASNP 数据库更新到版本 4。在 miRNASNP-v4 中，鉴定了 17 个物种的 miRNA 中的 82 580 个 SNP 和 3'UTR 中的 24 836 179 个 SNP，并表征了它们对 miRNA 二级结构和靶标结合的潜在影响。此外，与上一个版本相比，miRNASNP-v4还包括以下改进：（i）对获得或丢失的miRNA靶基因进行基因富集分析； (ii) 鉴定与人类癌症中的药物反应和免疫浸润相关的 miRNA 相关 SNP； (iii) 纳入实验支持的免疫相关 miRNA，以及 (iv) 17 种动物物种的在线预测工具。凭借广泛的数据和用户友好的网络界面，miRNASNP-v4 将成为多个物种中 SNP 和 miRNA 功能研究的宝贵资源。该数据库可通过 http://gong_lab.hzau.edu.cn/miRNASNP/ 免费访问。© 作者 2024。由牛津大学出版社代表 Nucleic Acids Research 出版。

Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within microRNAs (miRNAs) and their target binding sites can influence miRNA biogenesis and target regulation, thereby participating in a variety of diseases and biological processes. Current miRNA-related SNP databases are often species-limited or based on outdated data. Therefore, we updated our miRNASNP database to version 4 by updating data, expanding the species from Homo sapiens to 17 species, and introducing several new features. In miRNASNP-v4, 82 580 SNPs in miRNAs and 24 836 179 SNPs in 3'UTRs of genes across 17 species were identified and their potential effects on miRNA secondary structure and target binding were characterized. In addition, compared to the last release, miRNASNP-v4 includes the following improvements: (i) gene enrichment analysis for gained or lost miRNA target genes; (ii) identification of miRNA-related SNPs associated with drug response and immune infiltration in human cancers; (iii) inclusion of experimentally supported immune-related miRNAs and (iv) online prediction tools for 17 animal species. With the extensive data and user-friendly web interface, miRNASNP-v4 will serve as an invaluable resource for functional studies of SNPs and miRNAs in multiple species. The database is freely accessible at http://gong_lab.hzau.edu.cn/miRNASNP/.© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Nucleic Acids Research.