昼夜节律显着影响（病理）生理过程，其破坏与神经退行性疾病和癌症易感性增加有关。虽然免疫疗法在治疗各种癌症方面显示出希望，但其对脑恶性肿瘤的疗效仍然有限。这篇综述探讨了脑癌治疗中昼夜节律和免疫疗法的关系，强调通过与人体内部时钟保持一致来实现精确性。我们评估免疫反应的昼夜节律调节，包括细胞定位和功能表型，并讨论昼夜节律失调如何影响抗癌免疫。此外，我们分析和评估了当前脑癌免疫治疗方法的有效性，包括免疫检查点阻断、过继性细胞疗法和其他新策略。提出了未来的方向，例如时间疗法和个性化治疗方案，以优化针对脑癌的免疫治疗精度。总的来说，这篇综述让我们了解了昼夜节律在脑癌中经常被忽视的作用，并提出了改善免疫治疗结果的途径。版权所有 © 2024 作者。由 Elsevier B.V. 出版。保留所有权利。

Circadian rhythms significantly impact (patho)physiological processes, with disruptions linked to neurodegenerative diseases and heightened cancer vulnerability. While immunotherapy has shown promise in treating various cancers, its efficacy in brain malignancies remains limited. This review explores the nexus of circadian rhythms and immunotherapy in brain cancer treatment, emphasising precision through alignment with the body's internal clock. We evaluate circadian regulation of immune responses, including cell localisation and functional phenotype, and discuss how circadian dysregulation affects anti-cancer immunity. Additionally, we analyse and assess the effectiveness of current immunotherapeutic approaches for brain cancer including immune checkpoint blockades, adoptive cellular therapies, and other novel strategies. Future directions, such as chronotherapy and personalised treatment schedules, are proposed to optimise immunotherapy precision against brain cancers. Overall, this review provides an understanding of the often-overlooked role of circadian rhythms in brain cancer and suggests avenues for improving immunotherapeutic outcomes.Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.