中国大多数地区的儿童癌症生存计划和长期随访 (LTFU) 实践不足。旨在了解临床医生和护理人员对 LTFU 护理的看法，并找出中国大陆坚持 LTFU 护理的障碍。这项调查研究两阶段顺序混合方法，包括横断面调查和半结构化访谈。参与者包括通过 LTFU 教育研讨会招募的肿瘤临床医生和通过便利抽样招募的护理人员。数据收集时间为2022年11月至2023年9月。临床医生调查和访谈的重点是其执业机构的LTFU护理标准和资源以及协调LTFU护理的障碍。对于护理人员来说，调查和访谈重点关注他们对 LTFU 护理的认知和参与情况，以及对未来 LTFU 护理就诊的看法。 共有 101 名临床医生（28 名[27.7%] 男性；73 名[72.3%] 女性；46 名[45.6%] ] 年龄>40至50岁）完成了这项调查（答复率：90.2%），代表了来自22个省份的32个机构。至于看护者调查，招募了 164 名符合条件的参与者（36 名[22.0%] 男性；128 名[78.0%] 女性）（回应率：20.2%）。大多数护理人员接受过高中或高等教育 (96 [56.7%])，并且是被诊断患有白血病 (67 [40.9%])、淋巴瘤或实体瘤 (47 [28.7%]) 或其他病症的 CCS 的父母需要造血干细胞移植（50 [30.5%]）。大多数临床医生 (74 名 [73.3%]) 报告提供了后期效果护理，但只有 10 名 (13.5%) 拥有专门的 CCS 随访诊所。三分之二 (64 [63.4%]) 的受访者表示，每个幸存者的 LTFU 计划完全取决于他们的临床判断。在结构化访谈中，所有医生都承认，由于在他们的环境中实施筛查建议存在挑战，他们偏离了已发布的指南。提供 LTFU 服务的障碍包括患者相关因素 (76 [75.2%])、幸存者知识缺陷 (61 [60.4%]) 和缺乏专门的 LTFU 诊所 (61 [60.4%])。在接受调查的护理人员中，60 人（36.6%）从未听说过迟发效应。总体而言，参与访谈的 26 名看护者中，有 22 名 (84.6%) 不知道潜在的后期影响，尽管 17 名 (68.0%) 能够清楚地表达出他们的孩子正在经历的现有状况和症状。据观察，中国 LTFU 的统一性和可及性存在巨大差异，这表明迫切需要为幸存者提供标准化的 LTFU 护理方法。这包括倡导建立专门诊所，同时强调加强对临床医生和护理人员的教育和培训。

Childhood cancer survivorship programs and long-term follow-up (LTFU) practices are inadequate in most regions of China.To understand the clinician and caregiver perceptions of LTFU care and to identify barriers to adherence to LTFU care in mainland China.This survey study had a 2-phase sequential mixed-methods approach, consisting of a cross-sectional survey followed by semistructured interviews. Participants included oncology clinicians recruited through an educational seminar on LTFU and caregivers recruited through convenience sampling. Data were collected from November 2022 to September 2023.The clinician survey and interview focused on the standards and resources for LTFU care at their practicing institution and barriers to the coordination of LTFU care. For caregivers, the survey and interview focused on their awareness of and participation in LTFU care and their opinions on future LTFU care visits.A total of 101 clinicians (28 [27.7%] male; 73 [72.3%] female; 46 [45.6%] aged >40 to 50 years) completed the survey (response rate: 90.2%) representing 32 institutions from 22 provinces. As for the caregivers' survey, 164 eligible participants (36 [22.0%] male; 128 [78.0%] female) were recruited (response rate: 20.2%). The majority of the caregivers had received a high school or greater education (96 [56.7%]) and were parents of CCSs diagnosed with leukemia (67 [40.9%]), lymphoma or solid tumors (47 [28.7%]), or conditions requiring hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (50 [30.5%]). Most clinicians (74 [73.3%]) reported providing late effects care, yet only 10 (13.5%) had a dedicated follow-up clinic for CCSs. Two-thirds (64 [63.4%]) reported that the LTFU plan for each survivor is solely determined by their clinical judgment. In structured interviews, all doctors admitted to deviating from published guidelines due to challenges in implementing screening recommendations in their settings. Barriers to providing LTFU services included patient-related factors (76 [75.2%]), survivor knowledge deficits (61 [60.4%]), and the absence of dedicated LTFU clinics (61 [60.4%]). Among caregivers responding to the survey, 60 (36.6%) had never heard of late effects. Overall, 22 of 26 caregivers (84.6%) who participated in the interviews were not aware of potential late effects, although 17 (68.0%) could articulate existing conditions and symptoms that their children were experiencing.In this mixed-methods study involving clinicians and caregivers, substantial disparities in the uniformity and accessibility of LTFU in China were observed, suggesting the imperative need for a standardized approach to LTFU care for survivors. This includes advocating for establishment of dedicated clinics, alongside an emphasis on enhanced education and training for both clinicians and caregivers.