超分子肽水凝胶（SPH）由含有水凝胶剂和功能表位的肽组成，它们首先可以自组装成纳米纤维，然后物理缠结在一起形成动态三维网络。它们的多孔结构、优异的生物活性和高动态性，类似于细胞外基质（ECM），在人工ECM方面具有巨大的潜力。水凝胶的特性很大程度上取决于肽。水凝胶剂之间的非共价相互作用驱动组件的形成并进一步转变为水凝胶，而生物活性表位调节细胞-细胞和细胞-ECM 相互作用。因此，SPH 可以支持细胞生长，使其成为 ECM 模拟物的理想生物材料。本综述概述了 SPH 从水凝胶到功能表位的经典分子设计，并总结了 SPH 作为人工 ECM 在神经系统修复、伤口愈合、骨和软骨再生以及类器官培养方面的最新进展。这个新兴的 SPH 平台可以为开发更有效的组织工程生物材料提供替代策略。

Supramolecular peptide hydrogels (SPHs) consist of peptides containing hydrogelators and functional epitopes, which can first self-assemble into nanofibers and then physically entangle together to form dynamic three-dimensional networks. Their porous structures, excellent bioactivity, and high dynamicity, similar to an extracellular matrix (ECM), have great potential in artificial ECM. The properties of the hydrogel are largely dependent on peptides. The noncovalent interactions among hydrogelators drive the formation of assemblies and further transition into hydrogels, while bioactive epitopes modulate cell-cell and cell-ECM interactions. Therefore, SPHs can support cell growth, making them ideal biomaterials for ECM mimics. This Review outlines the classical molecular design of SPHs from hydrogelators to functional epitopes and summarizes the recent advancements of SPHs as artificial ECMs in nervous system repair, wound healing, bone and cartilage regeneration, and organoid culture. This emerging SPH platform could provide an alternative strategy for developing more effective biomaterials for tissue engineering.