血液淋巴恶性肿瘤的准确诊断对于有效的癌症治疗至关重要，但低收入和中等收入国家 (LMIC) 存在诊断的主要障碍。本文探讨了当前血淋巴分类系统的全球适用性，该系统主要源自高收入国家 (HIC) 生成的数据。尽管中低收入国家承受着不成比例的癌症预后不良的负担，但它们通常面临着诊断资源有限、治疗方法不理想以及医疗基础设施不足的问题。该文章强调了中低收入国家面临的挑战，包括无法获得高质量的病理学服务、先进诊断技术的可用性有限以及缺乏基于人群的癌症登记数据。它还讨论了在缩小中低收入国家和高收入国家之间差距方面取得的进展，例如引入适应资源的分类、改进基本诊断工具的指导以及加强国内专业病理学网络。创新的诊断方法，包括基因表达谱和机器学习，代表了提高中低收入国家诊断准确性的潜在解决方案，但仍然存在可解决的差距。建议对诊断基础设施、能力建设和基于人群的癌症登记进行可持续投资，以增强血淋巴分类系统的全球适用性并改善中低收入国家患者的治疗结果。© 2024 John Wiley

The accurate diagnosis of haematolymphoid malignancies is crucial for effective cancer care, but major obstacles to diagnosis exist in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). This article explores the global applicability of current haematolymphoid classification systems, which are predominantly derived from data generated in high-income countries (HICs). Although disproportionately burdened with poor cancer outcomes, LMICs are generally faced with limited diagnostic resources, suboptimal access to therapeutics, and inadequate healthcare infrastructure. The article highlights the challenges faced by LMICs, including inconsistent access to high-quality pathology services, limited availability of advanced diagnostic techniques, and a lack of population-based cancer registry data. It also discusses the progress made in narrowing the gap between LMICs and HICs, such as the introduction of resource-adapted classifications, improved guidance on essential diagnostic tools, and strengthening of in-country professional pathology networks. Innovative diagnostic approaches, including gene expression profiling and machine learning, represent potential solutions for improving the diagnostic accuracy in LMICs, but addressable gaps remain. Recommendations are suggested for sustainable investments in diagnostic infrastructure, capacity-building, and population-based cancer registries to enhance the global applicability of haematolymphoid classification systems and improve outcomes for patients in LMICs.© 2024 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.