原位疫苗接种是一种治疗方法，旨在利用肿瘤部位的肿瘤抗原来诱导肿瘤特异性的适应性免疫反应。据推测，垂死的肿瘤细胞释放的抗原会被活化的树突状细胞吸收，并呈递给寻找并摧毁肿瘤细胞的 T 细胞。这一过程在肿瘤的免疫抑制微环境中受到显着阻碍。利用细菌作为天然佐剂或细胞因子工厂的原位疫苗策略日益增长，旨在增强抗原呈递细胞对原位抗原的呈递。最近，提出了一种利用鞭毛细菌介导的抗原递送来激活树突状细胞的新方法。这种方法积极促进肿瘤内抗原的传递，改善其在原位癌症疫苗接种中的表现。在这里，我们重点介绍鞭毛细菌介导的抗原递送如何增强原位疫苗的免疫激活能力。同时，我们对这些有前途的抗原递送技术提供了观点和展望。© 2024 作者。约翰·威利 (John Wiley) 出版的《微生物生物技术》

In situ vaccination is a therapeutic approach aimed at exploiting tumour antigens available at a tumour site to induce tumour-specific adaptive immune responses. Antigens released from dying tumour cells are assumed to be taken up by activated dendritic cells and presented to T cells that seek out and destroy tumour cells. This process is significantly impeded in the immunosuppressive microenvironment of tumours. There is a growing trend in in situ vaccine strategies that utilize bacteria as natural adjuvants or as factories for cytokines, aiming to enhance the presentation of in situ antigens by antigen-presenting cells. Recently, a novel approach using flagellate bacteria-mediated antigen delivery to activate dendritic cells has been proposed. This method actively facilitates the delivery of intratumoral antigens, improving their presentation for in situ cancer vaccination. Here, we highlight how flagellate bacteria-mediated antigen delivery enhances the immune activation capabilities of in situ vaccines. Meanwhile, we provide perspectives and outlooks on these promising antigen delivery technologies.© 2024 The Author(s). Microbial Biotechnology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.