感染的伤口可导致复杂的临床并发症和延迟愈合，构成重大的全球公共卫生挑战。本研究探讨了两种益生菌（鼠李糖乳杆菌 GG (LGG) 和动物双歧杆菌亚种）局部应用的效果。 lactis BB-12，对感染伤口微环境及其对伤口愈合的影响。每天将 LGG 和 BB-12 分别局部涂抹于大鼠模型金黄色葡萄球菌 (S. aureus) 感染的皮肤伤口上。两种益生菌均显着加速伤口愈合，通过增强肉芽组织形成和增加胶原蛋白沉积来证明，其中 BB-12 显示出卓越的功效。 LGG和BB-12均能有效抑制中性粒细胞浸润，并降低促炎细胞因子肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）和白细胞介素6（IL-6）的表达。值得注意的是，BB-12 显着降低了 IL-6 水平，而 LGG 显着降低了 TNF-α、转化生长因子-β (TGF-β) 和血管内皮生长因子 (VEGF)。此外，两种益生菌均促进巨噬细胞向抗炎 M2 表型极化。微生物群分析显示，LGG 和 BB-12 显着降低了致病菌（例如葡萄球菌和变形杆菌）的丰度，并增加了有益菌（例如棒状杆菌）的比例。特别是，BB-12 在降低葡萄球菌丰度方面更有效，而 LGG 在促进棒状杆菌生长方面表现出色。这些发现表明 LGG 和 BB-12 能够调节伤口微环境、增强伤口愈合并为感染伤口的管理提供宝贵的见解。© 2024 作者。约翰·威利 (John Wiley) 出版的《微生物生物技术》

Infected wounds can result in complex clinical complications and delayed healing, presenting a significant global public health challenge. This study explored the effects of topical application of two probiotics, Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) and Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BB-12, on the microenvironment of infected wounds and their impact on wound healing. LGG and BB-12 were applied separately and topically on the Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus)-infected skin wounds of the rat model on a daily basis. Both probiotics significantly accelerated wound healing, demonstrated by enhanced granulation tissue formation and increased collagen deposition, with BB-12 showing superior efficacy. LGG and BB-12 both effectively inhibited neutrophil infiltration and decreased the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). Notably, BB-12 markedly reduced IL-6 levels, while LGG significantly lowered TNF-α, transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Additionally, both probiotics promoted macrophage polarization towards the anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype. Microbiota analysis revealed that LGG and BB-12 significantly decreased the abundance of pathogenic bacteria (e.g. Staphylococcus and Proteus) and increased the proportion of beneficial bacteria (e.g. Corynebacterium). Particularly, BB-12 was more effective in reducing Staphylococcus abundance, whereas LGG excelled in promoting Corynebacterium growth. These findings suggest the ability of LGG and BB-12 to modulate the wound microenvironment, enhance wound healing and provide valuable insights for the management of infected wounds.© 2024 The Author(s). Microbial Biotechnology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.