越来越多的证据支持牙周病、神经炎症和神经退行性病变之间的密切关联，种植体周围炎 (PI) 除外。因此，本研究探讨了实验性PI与大鼠大脑神经病理学变化之间的关联。双侧第一磨牙拔除后，通过脂多糖注射和结扎线放置在上颌骨钛种植体上诱导实验性PI。疾病进展 28 周后，从 6 只大鼠身上取出上颌骨和大脑。 3只大鼠的健康大脑用作对照。通过免疫组织化学分析大脑，以检测神经炎症（白细胞介素（IL）-6和肿瘤坏死因子（TNF）-α））、小胶质细胞活化（IBA-1）和星形胶质细胞增生（GFAP）的迹象。为了探索神经变性的迹象，使用苏木精/伊红和尼氏染色。此外，还测试了四种不同的β淀粉样蛋白（Aβ 1-42）抗体。慢性PI病变显示种植体周围骨吸收并伴有大量炎症浸润。 PI 影响组的海马 CA1 和齿状回区域内发现了 IL-6 和 TNF-α 细胞，而对照组几乎未检测到免疫阳性（p<0.05）。与对照组相比，PI 影响组的 CA 区域和大脑皮层中活化的 GFAP 小胶质细胞和 IBA-1 星形胶质细胞表面的检测显着较高（p<0.05）。在 PI 影响组中，不一致地发现了核固缩的萎缩神经元，而在对照组中几乎未检测到这些现象。在任何样本中均未检测到阳性 Aβ 反应性。慢性实验性 PI 损伤导致大鼠大脑中 IL-6 和 TNF-α、GFAP 小胶质细胞增多症和 IBA-1 星形细胞增多症以及某些情况下的神经变性的检测增加。 © 2024。作者。

Cumulating evidence supports the close association between periodontal diseases, neuroinflammation and neurodegenerative pathologies, except for peri-implantitis (PI). Thus, this study explored the association between experimental PI and neuropathological changes in the rat brain.After bilateral first molars extraction, experimental PI was induced at titanium implants placed in the maxillae by lipopolysaccharide injections and ligature placement. Following 28-weeks of disease progression, the maxillae and brains were retrieved from 6 rats. Healthy brains from 3 rats were used as control. Brains were analyzed by immunohistochemistry to detect signs of neuroinflammation (interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α)), microglial activation (IBA-1) and astrogliosis (GFAP). To explore signs of neurodegeneration, hematoxylin/eosin and Nissl stainings were used. Also, four different antibodies against amyloid beta (Aβ 1-42) were tested.Chronic PI lesions showed peri-implant bone resorption accompanied by large inflammatory infiltrates. IL-6+ and TNF-α+ cells were found within the CA1 and Dentate Gyrus regions of the hippocampus of the PI-affected group, while almost no immune-positivity was detected in the control (p < 0.05). Detection of activated GFAP+ microglia and IBA-1+ astrocytes surface were significantly higher at the CA areas, and cerebral cortex of the PI-affected group, in comparison with control (p < 0.05). Shrunk neurons with pyknotic nuclei were inconsistently found among the PI-affected group, and these were almost not detected in control. No positive Aβ reactivity was detected in any of the samples.Chronic experimental PI lesions led to an increased detection of IL-6 and TNF-α, GFAP+ microgliosis and IBA-1+ astrocytosis, and in some cases, neurodegeneration, in the rat brain.© 2024. The Author(s).