阿尔茨海默病（AD）是一种常见的神经退行性疾病，其特征是进行性认知和身体损害。神经炎症与AD有关，大脑中淀粉样蛋白的错误折叠和聚集创造了炎症微环境。小胶质细胞是神经炎症的主要贡献者，小胶质细胞的异常激活会诱导大量炎症因子的释放，促进神经细胞凋亡，导致认知障碍。在本研究中，我们利用含有咖啡酸偶联碳量子点的小胶质细胞膜制备了一种新型仿生纳米胶囊（CDs-CA-MGs）用于治疗AD。通过鼻腔给药的CDs-CA-MGs可以绕过血脑屏障（BBB）并直接靶向炎症部位。经过 CDs-CA-MGs 治疗后，AD 小鼠的大脑炎症减少，神经元凋亡减少，学习和记忆能力显着提高。此外，CDs-CA-MGs 影响 AD 小鼠炎症相关的 JAK-STAT 和 Toll 样受体信号通路。 CDs-CA-MG 显着下调白介素（IL-1β 和 IL-6）和肿瘤坏死因子（TNF-α）。这一发现表明 CDs-CA-MGs 可能通过调节炎症反应来改善认知障碍。总之，CDs-CA-MG 的使用为治疗 AD 提供了一种可能的治疗策略。© 2024。作者。

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a common neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive cognitive and physical impairment. Neuroinflammation is related to AD, and the misfolding and aggregation of amyloid protein in the brain creates an inflammatory microenvironment. Microglia are the predominant contributors to neuroinflammation, and abnormal activation of microglia induces the release of a large amount of inflammatory factors, promotes neuronal apoptosis, and leads to cognitive impairment. In this study, we used microglial membranes containing caffeic acid-coupled carbon quantum dots to prepare a novel biomimetic nanocapsule (CDs-CA-MGs) for the treatment of AD. The application of CDs-CA-MGs via nasal administration can bypass the blood‒brain barrier (BBB) and directly target the site of inflammation. After treatment with CDs-CA-MGs, AD mice showed reduced inflammation in the brain, decreased neuronal apoptosis, and significantly improved learning and memory abilities. In addition, CDs-CA-MGs affect inflammation-related JAK-STAT and Toll-like receptor signaling pathways in AD mice. CDs-CA-MGs significantly downregulated interleukins (IL-1β and IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α). This finding suggested that CDs-CA-MGs may improve cognitive impairment by modulating inflammatory responses. In conclusion, the use of CDs-CA-MGs provides a possible therapeutic strategy for the treatment of AD.© 2024. The Author(s).