肿瘤相关巨噬细胞（TAM）构成肿瘤微环境（TME）中数量最多的免疫细胞。它们在促进肿瘤进展和转移方面发挥着重要作用，这使它们成为癌症治疗的潜在治疗靶点。 TAM 通常分为两类：促肿瘤 M2 样 TAM 和抗肿瘤 M1 表型（任一极端）。将 M2 样 TAM 重编程为杀肿瘤 M1 表型对于恢复癌症免疫治疗中的抗肿瘤免疫力特别有意义。值得注意的是，纳米药物由于其独特的结构和特性，在癌症治疗方面显示出巨大的潜力。本文将简要描述 TAM 的生物学特征和在肿瘤中的作用，然后讨论纳米医学介导的 TAM 复极化在癌症免疫治疗中的最新进展。最后，还提出了纳米医学介导的 TAM 复极化以实现有效癌症免疫治疗的观点。© 2024 Wiley periodicals LLC。

Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) constitute the largest number of immune cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME). They play an essential role in promoting tumor progression and metastasis, which makes them a potential therapeutic target for cancer treatment. TAMs are usually divided into two categories: pro-tumoral M2-like TAMs and antitumoral M1 phenotypes at either extreme. The reprogramming of M2-like TAMs toward a tumoricidal M1 phenotype is of particular interest for the restoration of antitumor immunity in cancer immunotherapy. Notably, nanomedicines have shown great potential for cancer therapy due to their unique structures and properties. This review will briefly describe the biological features and roles of TAMs in tumor, and then discuss recent advances in nanomedicine-mediated repolarization of TAMs for cancer immunotherapy. Finally, perspectives on nanomedicine-mediated repolarization of TAMs for effective cancer immunotherapy are also presented.© 2024 Wiley Periodicals LLC.