细胞外囊泡，包括外泌体，是小的细胞外囊泡，直径范围为30nm-10um，并具有特定的膜标记。它们是自然分泌的，存在于各种体液中，包括血液、尿液和唾液，并且通过其内部物质的多样性，它们有助于正常的生理和病理过程。这些过程包括免疫调节、神经元突触形成、细胞分化、癌症转移、血管生成、淋巴管生成、传染病的进展以及阿尔茨海默病和帕金森病等神经退行性疾病。近年来，人们对使用外泌体作为治疗各种疾病和损伤的潜在药物递送系统的兴趣日益浓厚。重要的是，源自患者自身细胞的外泌体表现出最小的免疫原性，并具有显着的稳定性以及固有的和可调节的靶向能力。本综述探讨了外泌体在血管生成、淋巴管生成和神经修复中的作用，特别强调了角膜内的这些过程。此外，它还检查了源自特定细胞类型的外泌体，讨论了基于外泌体的疗法在调节这些过程中的优势，并提出了一些最成熟的外泌体分离方法。基于外泌体的治疗正在成为潜在的微创和非免疫原性疗法，可调节角膜血管生成和淋巴管生成，并增强和加速内源性角膜神经修复。版权所有 © 2024。由 Elsevier Inc. 出版。

Extracellular vesicles, including exosomes, are small extracellular vesicles that range in size from 30nm-10 um in diameter and have specific membrane markers. They are naturally secreted and are present in various bodily fluids, including blood, urine, and saliva, and through the variety of their internal cargo, they contribute to both normal physiological and pathological processes. These processes include immune modulation, neuronal synapse formation, cell differentiation, cancer metastasis, angiogenesis, lymphangiogenesis, progression of infectious disease, and neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. In recent years, interest has grown in the use of exosomes as a potential drug delivery system for various diseases and injuries. Importantly, exosomes originating from a patient's own cells exhibit minimal immunogenicity and possess remarkable stability along with inherent and adjustable targeting capabilities. This review explores the roles of exosomes in angiogenesis, lymphangiogenesis, and nerve repair with a specific emphasis on these processes within the cornea. Furthermore, it examines exosomes derived from specific cell types, discusses the advantages of exosome-based therapies in modulating these processes, and presents some of the most established methods for exosome isolation. Exosome-based treatments are emerging as potential minimally invasive and non-immunogenic therapies that modulate corneal angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis, as well as enhance and accelerate endogenous corneal nerve repair.Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier Inc.