在局限性前列腺癌 (PCa) 治疗中越来越多地使用局部治疗 (FT)，需要标准化的 MRI 判读系统来检测具有临床意义的复发性 PCa (csPCa)。这项试点研究评估了新的跨大西洋局灶治疗后 MRI 前列腺评估建议 (TARGET)，并将其性能与局灶消融后前列腺成像 (PI-FAB) 系统的性能进行了比较。这项回顾性研究包括 38 名接受初次 FT 的患者针对局部 PCa，进行后续多参数 MRI (mpMRI) 和活检。两名放射科医生独立使用 PI-FAB 和 TARGET 评估了 mpMRI。计算诊断性能指标和受试者工作特征曲线下面积（AUC）。使用 Cohen's κ 和 Kendall's τ 评估读者间和读者内的一致性。14 名患者患有复发性 csPCa。 PI-FAB 显示出较高的敏感性（两个读者均为 92.9%）和 NPV（读者 1：93.8%，读者 2：92.9%），但特异性中等（读者 1：62.5%，读者 2：54.2%）。 TARGET 对一位读者表现出较低的敏感性（读者 1：78.6%，读者 2：92.9%），但对两位读者的特异性较高（读者 1：79.2%，读者 2：62.5%）。两个系统都显示出中等的读者间一致性（PI-FAB 的 κ = 0.56，TARGET 的 0.57）。PI-FAB 和 TARGET 在 FT MRI 后表现出相似的性能。虽然 PI-FAB 始终具有高灵敏度，但 TARGET 为一位读者提供了更高的特异性。适度的一致性水平证明了这些系统在临床环境中的可行性以及改进的前景。由爱思唯尔公司出版。

The increasing use of focal therapy (FT) in localized prostate cancer (PCa) management requires a standardized MRI interpretation system to detect recurrent clinically significant PCa (csPCa). This pilot study evaluates the novel Transatlantic Recommendations for Prostate Gland Evaluation with MRI after Focal Therapy (TARGET) and compares its performance to that of the Prostate Imaging after Focal Ablation (PI-FAB) system.This retrospective study included 38 patients who underwent primary FT for localized PCa, with follow-up multiparametric MRI (mpMRI) and biopsy. Two radiologists assessed the mpMRIs using both PI-FAB and TARGET independently. Diagnostic performance metrics and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) were calculated. Inter-reader and intrareader agreement were assessed using Cohen's κ and Kendall's τ.14 patients had recurrent csPCa. PI-FAB showed high sensitivity (92.9% for both readers) and NPV (reader 1: 93.8%, reader 2: 92.9%) but moderate specificity (reader 1: 62.5%, reader 2: 54.2%). TARGET demonstrated lower sensitivity for one reader (reader 1: 78.6%, reader 2: 92.9%) but higher specificity (reader 1: 79.2%, reader 2: 62.5%) for both readers. Both systems displayed moderate inter-reader agreement (κ = 0.56 for PI-FAB, 0.57 for TARGET).PI-FAB and TARGET exhibit similar performances in post-FT MRI. While PI-FAB had consistently high sensitivity, TARGET offered higher specificity for one reader. Moderate agreement levels demonstrate the viability of these systems in clinical settings and a promise for improvement.Published by Elsevier Inc.