肺癌是全球癌症相关死亡率最高的癌症。虽然针对抗肿瘤免疫反应的免疫疗法已在临床实践中证明有效，但对新型治疗方式的需求仍然迫切。溶瘤病毒（OV）可以选择性地杀死肿瘤细胞，同时刺激抗肿瘤免疫反应，代表了肺癌治疗的潜在突破。 OV 诱导的抗肿瘤免疫对其整体治疗效果至关重要。癌细胞表面的许多天然受体失调，为 OV 提供了潜在的切入点。此外，肺癌细胞中一些关键信号通路的固有失调会促进增殖、进展和转移，这可能促进选择性病毒复制。在这篇综述中，我们通过分析几种主要的OVs及其相应的进入受体来探讨OVs在肺癌中的应用。然后，我们还研究了可能与 OV 协同调节免疫肿瘤微环境的关键信号通路和分子。最后，我们讨论了需要进一步临床试验进行验证的组合和给药策略。尽管有一定的局限性，OV 的耐受性使病毒疗法成为未来肺癌治疗的一个有前途的途径。版权所有 © 2024 Dong、Luo、He、Zhang、Zeng 和 Chen。

Lung cancer accounts for the highest cancer-related mortality worldwide. While immunotherapies targeting anti-tumor immune responses have demonstrated efficacy in clinical practice, the demand for novel treatment modalities remains urgent. Oncolytic viruses (OVs), which selectively kill tumor cells while stimulating an anti-tumor immune response, represent a potential breakthrough in lung cancer therapy. The induction of anti-tumor immunity by OVs is central to their overall therapeutic effectiveness. Many natural receptors on the surface of cancer cells are dysregulated, providing potential entry points for OVs. Furthermore, the inherent dysregulation of some key signaling pathways in lung cancer cells promotes proliferation, progression and metastasis, which may facilitate selective viral replication. In this review, we explore the application of OVs in lung cancer by analyzing several major OVs and their corresponding entry receptors. Then, we also examine the key signaling pathways and molecules with the potential to synergize with OVs in modulating the immune tumor microenvironment. Finally, we discuss the combination and administration strategies that warrant further clinical trials for validation. Despite certain limitations, the tolerability of OVs positions virotherapy as a promising avenue in the future of lung cancer treatment.Copyright © 2024 Dong, Luo, He, Zhang, Zeng and Chen.