三阴性乳腺癌 (TNBC) 是一种高度侵袭性的乳腺癌，包含几种不同的亚型。免疫疗法的最新进展为这些高度异质性且易转移的肿瘤的治疗提供了广阔的前景。尽管取得了进步，但免疫疗法的疗效仍然有限，PD-L1 生物标志物的疗效未改善且患者获益有限。为了提高TNBC免疫治疗的有效性，我们对TNBC的微环境和相应的治疗干预措施进行了研究，并建议进一步研究鉴定其他生物标志物，以促进TNBC的亚型分型，以获得更有针对性的治疗方法。 TNBC 是一种高度侵袭性的亚型，由于缺乏传统内分泌和靶向治疗的机会，其长期生存率很低。免疫疗法的最新进展已显示出希望，但由于肿瘤微环境的异质性和产生的治疗耐药性，尤其是在转移性病例中，缓解率可能受到限制。在这篇综述中，我们将研究 TNBC 的肿瘤微环境和相应的治疗干预措施。我们将总结当前 TNBC 免疫治疗的亚型分型策略和可用的生物标志物，特别强调需要进一步研究以确定其他预后标志物并针对特定 TNBC 亚型完善定制疗法。这些努力旨在提高治疗敏感性并最终提高晚期 TNBC 患者的生存结果。版权所有 © 2024 Yang、Li、Yang 和 Shi。

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a highly aggressive type of breast cancer that encompasses several distinct subtypes. Recent advances in immunotherapy offer a promising future for the treatment of these highly heterogeneous and readily metastatic tumors. Despite advancements, the efficacy of immunotherapy remains limited as shown by unimproved efficacy of PD-L1 biomarker and limited patient benefit. To enhance the effectiveness of TNBC immunotherapy, we conducted investigation on the microenvironment, and corresponding therapeutic interventions of TNBC and recommended further investigation into the identification of additional biomarkers that can facilitate the subtyping of TNBC for more targeted therapeutic approaches. TNBC is a highly aggressive subtype with dismal long-term survival due to the lack of opportunities for traditional endocrine and targeted therapies. Recent advances in immunotherapy have shown promise, but response rates can be limited due to the heterogeneous tumor microenvironments and developed therapy resistance, especially in metastatic cases. In this review, we will investigate the tumor microenvironment of TNBC and corresponding therapeutic interventions. We will summarize current subtyping strategies and available biomarkers for TNBC immunotherapy, with a particular emphasis on the need for further research to identify additional prognostic markers and refine tailored therapies for specific TNBC subtypes. These efforts aim to improve treatment sensitivity and ultimately enhance survival outcomes for advanced-stage TNBC patients.Copyright © 2024 Yang, Li, Yang and Shi.