多形性胶质母细胞瘤（GBM）是一种高级别原发性脑肿瘤，由于其侵袭性、浸润性生长和对治疗的有限反应，给神经肿瘤学带来了巨大的挑战。透明隔是 GBM 的一个罕见且意想不到的部位，增加了这种罕见颅内恶性肿瘤的诊断和治疗的复杂性。 一名 69 岁男性，既往有前列腺癌病史，到一家外部医院就诊，病史已有 2 周一种“恍惚状态”和认知能力下降。最初的头部计算机断层扫描显示脑室突出，没有明显的肿块病变。入院后，磁共振成像显示下透明隔内有一个肿块，延伸至第三侧脑室和两侧侧脑室。活检结果显示 GBM，世界卫生组织中枢神经系统肿瘤 4 级，胶质纤维酸性蛋白免疫阳性，Ki-67 标记指数为 60%-70%。在 60 多年的文献中仅鉴定了 5 例，系统评价阐明了透明隔 GBM 的不同临床表现、诊断进展和治疗方法。 https://thejns.org/doi/10.3171/CASE23770。

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), a high-grade primary brain tumor, presents a formidable challenge in neuro-oncology because of its aggressive nature, infiltrative growth, and limited response to treatment. The septum pellucidum represents an uncommon and unexpected location for GBM, adding complexity to the diagnosis and management of this rare intracranial malignancy.A 69-year-old male with a previous history of prostate carcinoma presented to an outside hospital with a 2-week history of a "trance-like state" and cognitive decline. Initial head computed tomography showed prominent ventricles without distinct mass lesions. Upon admission, magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated a mass within the inferior septum pellucidum extending to the third and both lateral ventricles. Biopsy findings indicated a GBM, World Health Organization central nervous system tumor grade 4, with immunopositivity for glial fibrillary acidic protein and a Ki-67 labeling index of 60%-70%.Identifying only 5 cases in more than 60 years of literature, this systematic review illustrates the diverse clinical presentations, diagnostic advancements, and management approaches for septum pellucidum GBM. https://thejns.org/doi/10.3171/CASE23770.