适应性免疫在早期乳腺癌长期结果中的作用越来越得到认可。标准（新）辅助化疗可能会对免疫细胞产生不利影响。我们对在同一机构接受早期乳腺癌（新）辅助化疗的 200 名患者的全血细胞计数 (FBC) 进行了回顾性纵向研究。分析了从治疗前到化疗后 12 个月的四个时间点的 FBC 结果。对具有匹配的化疗前和化疗后外周血单核细胞样本的患者进行流式细胞术。化疗后 12 个月时，观察到绝对淋巴细胞计数显着下降 (p<0.01)，在绝经前患者 (n=73；p<0.01)、接受剂量密集化疗方案的患者 (n=60；p<0.01) 中最为明显。 p < 0.01）和接受辅助放疗的患者（n = 147，p < 0.01）。在绝经前患者中，观察到化疗后 CD4 T 细胞亚群发生显着变化。需要进一步研究，包括长期临床结果，以有意义地改善长期抗肿瘤免疫力。© 2024。作者。

The role of adaptive immunity in long-term outcomes in early breast cancer is increasingly recognised. Standard (neo)adjuvant chemotherapy can have adverse effects on immune cells. We conducted a retrospective longitudinal study of full blood counts (FBC) of 200 patients receiving (neo)adjuvant chemotherapy for early breast cancer at a single institution. FBC results at four time points from pre-treatment to 12 months post-chemotherapy were analysed. Flow cytometry was performed for patients with matched pre- and post-chemotherapy peripheral blood mononuclear cell samples. A significant decrease in absolute lymphocyte count at 12 months post-chemotherapy was observed (p < 0.01), most pronounced in pre-menopausal patients (n = 73; p < 0.01), patients receiving dose-dense chemotherapy regimens (n = 60; p < 0.01) and patients receiving adjuvant radiotherapy (n = 147, p < 0.01). In pre-menopausal patients, significant changes in CD4+ T cells subsets post-chemotherapy were observed. Further investigation, including long-term clinical outcomes, is needed to meaningfully improve long-term anti-tumour immunity.© 2024. The Author(s).